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ltr.wpt¿23298(¤EGMSY_ekqAutoList13IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII>c$"Small Circleð"ðà0 à(Wf|$ÄÄò òòòà@ìì*ìàÔ  ÔÔ AÔó óóóÝ ƒ ®!ÝÔ€XéXXXÔÑ  ÑÑÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡XéXXXéÔñŽñÑ8€éXdðXXdð8ÑñŽñÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÔ% ‡E ÔÔ%†EÞÔÌApril€18,€2002ÌÌÌÔ% ‡H Ôñ‰ñL*ñ‰ññˆññ‡ñMinorððs€Ô_ÔOPñ‡ññˆññ‡ñLaurie€Johñ‡ññˆñnsonÔ_ÔñˆñÌ3ñŠñ€*ñŠññŠñ637Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔSnellÔ_Ô€Ave€#€200ñŠñÌSan€Jose,€CA€95136Ô%†HÔÌÌRe:€òò€DFCS€v.€Lñ‹ñ*€ñ‹ññ‹ñauÔ_ÔrieÔ_Ô€Johnson,ñ‹ñóóñ‹ñ€H024336ñ‹ññ‹ñ,€H0*ñ‹ñÐ €Ð ÐÌò òòòó óóóà  àò òòòCONFIDENTIAL€ATTORNEY€CLIENT€COMMUNICATIONó óóóÐ `° ÐÌò òòòó óóóÔ#†XéXXXér#ÔÔ‡XéXXXéÔMs.Ô% ‡P ÔÔ%†POÔ€Ô% ‡Q ÔÔ%†QnÔññ*ñññŒñJohnson:ñŒñÐ @ ÐÌà  àI€am€the€attorney€who€has€been€appointed€to€represent€you€on€appeal.ÌÌà  àAttached€to€this€letter€is€a€document€which€explains€the€appellate€process.€€If€you€have€neverÏbeen€involved€in€an€appeal€before,€hopefully€it€will€answer€many€of€your€questions.€€Right€now,€theÏbest€thing€you€can€do€to€assist€me€with€your€case€is€to€write€me€a€letter€listing€any€other€things€youÏthink€made€your€case€unfair.€€Please€let€me€know€what€you€wish€to€accomplish€from€your€appeal.ÌÌà  àI€look€forward€to€hearing€from€you€soon.€€Ask€me€any€questions€you€might€have€as€well.ÌÔ#†XéXXXé-#ÔÔ‡XéXXXéÔÌSincerely,ÌÌÌJonathan€GrossmanÌStaff€AttorneyÌÌEnclosureÌÐ   +p&) Ðà@Ü Ü ìàò òINTRODUCTION€TO€THE€APPELLATE€PROCESSó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àI€have€recently€been€appointed€to€represent€you€on€your€appeal€in€the€California€Court€ofÏAppeal.€€The€purpose€of€this€letter€is€to€explain€what€a€dependency€appeal€is€all€about.€€It€is€my€hopeÏthat€this€letter€will€answer€some€questions€you€undoubtedly€would€like€to€ask€about€the€appellateÏprocess.ÌÌà@³³!ìàò òWHAT€IS€AN€APPEAL?ó óˆÐ @  ÐÌà  àAn€appeal€is€primarily€an€appellate€court's€review€of€the€trial€court€proceedings€to€see€ifÏprocedural€error€was€committed.€€The€review€is€based€upon€the€written€records€of€the€trial€court.€€TheÏappellate€court€accepts€no€new€evidence.€€Nor€does€the€Court€of€Appeal€decide€whether€a€party€whoÏis€appealing€(referred€to€as€the€"appellant"€in€the€appellate€court)€is€factually€correct.€€That€is€theÏfunction€of€a€trial€court.€€Instead,€the€Court€of€Appeal€considers€whether€the€trial€court€proceedingsÏwere€conducted€legally:€€did€you€get€a€fair€hearing€at€which€the€correct€legal€rulings€on€law€andÏprocedure€were€made?ÌÌà  àThe€Court€of€Appeal€has€several€choices€in€deciding€your€appeal.€€It€can€affirm€the€judgmentÏof€the€lower€court,€in€which€case€the€decision€of€the€lower€court€remains€unchanged.€€It€can€modifyÏthe€judgment,€so€that€the€decision€of€the€lower€court€remains€but€with€some€change€in€it.€€TheÏappellate€court€can€also€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€lower€court€in€part€or€entirely.€€If€it€does€reverse,Ïthe€case€is€sent€back€to€the€trial€court,€usually€for€retrial€on€the€reversed€part,€although€on€rareÏoccasions€a€case€will€be€reversed€with€directions€to€dismiss.€€Generally€a€reversal€does€not€mean€thatÏthe€matter€is€closed,€but€rather€that€you€are€entitled€to€have€the€trial€or€hearing€done€over€againÏcorrectly€in€the€lower€court.ÌÌà  àAfter€the€Court€of€Appeal€has€made€its€decision,€either€party€can€petition€for€a€hearing€in€theÏCalifornia€Supreme€Court.€€The€Supreme€Court€has€a€different€role€from€that€of€the€Court€of€Appeal.€ÏWhereas€the€Court€of€Appeal€reviews€every€appeal€for€error,€the€Supreme€Court€grants€hearing€inÏonly€a€very€few€cases€which€present€legal€issues€of€statewide€importance.ÌÌà@NN%ìàò òTHE€RECORDó óˆÐ À! ÐÌà  àAfter€you€filed€your€notice€of€appeal,€the€clerk€and€court€reporter€in€the€trial€court€beganÏpreparing€the€record€on€appeal.€€The€record€consists€of€the€reporter's€transcript,€a€word„for„wordÏaccount€of€the€trial€and€other€relevant€hearings,€and€the€clerk's€transcript,€which€consists€ofÏpleadings,€minute€orders,€and€other€documents€on€file€in€the€lower€court.ÌÌà  àThe€Court€of€Appeal€provides€only€one€appellant's€copy€of€the€record.€€During€the€course€ofÏthe€appeal,€the€attorney€needs€to€retain€that€copy€to€represent€the€client€effectively€on€appeal.€€WhenÏthe€appeal€is€over,€it€is€customary€to€send€the€entire€record€to€the€client,€unless€the€client€expresslyÏasks€that€the€record€be€retained€by€the€attorney€or€sent€to€a€designated€third€party.ÌÐ ,`'* Ðà  àAlthough€the€record€is€supposed€to€be€prepared€in€20€days,€extensions€are€often€requestedÏby€the€court€reporter€and€granted€by€the€Court€of€Appeal,€especially€in€longer€trials,€so€that€a€farÏmore€substantial€amount€of€time€may€pass€before€I€receive€the€record.ÌÌò ò€ó óà  àRemember€that€the€record€will€eventually€be€yours€to€keep.€€I€will€send€it€to€you€as€soon€asÐ pÀ ÐI€have€concluded€my€representation€of€you€in€your€appeal.€€Until€the€appeal€is€over,€however,€I€mustÏretain€the€appellate€record€in€order€to€represent€you€effectively€on€appeal.ÌÌà  àOften€the€record€filed€in€the€Court€of€Appeal€does€not€contain€everything€I€need€to€representÏyou€effectively€on€appeal.€€If€that€is€the€case,€I€will€file€a€motion€in€the€Court€of€Appeal€to€augmentÏ(add€to)€the€record.€€It€usually€takes€at€least€two€weeks€for€the€Court€of€Appeal€to€act€upon€a€requestÏfor€augmentation.€€If€the€motion€is€granted,€there€will€be€a€further€delay,€usually€approximately€30Ïto€90€days,€until€the€additional€record€is€prepared.€€Normally€the€opening€brief€will€not€be€due€untilÏ30€days€after€the€augmented€record€is€filed€in€the€Court€of€Appeal.ÌÌà@; ; ìàò òCOMMUNICATIONS€ABOUT€YOUR€CASEó óˆÐ À ÐÌà  àI€will€write€to€you€periodically€to€notify€you€of€significant€developments€in€your€case€andÏto€respond€to€your€letters.€€Your€correspondence,€and€all€other€information€I€acquire€in€relation€toÏyour€case,€will€be€kept€in€strictest€confidence€in€my€office.ÌÌà  àOrdinarily€I€will€communicate€with€you€by€mail.€€If€you€are€in€custody,€the€attorney„clientÏmail€is€confidential,€and€no€authorities€in€a€state€institution€are€entitled€to€read€it.€€Be€sure€to€writeÏ"ò òAttorney„Client€Mailó ó"€or€"ò òLegal€Mailó ó"€on€the€envelope€of€every€letter€you€send€to€me€in€order€toÐ @ Ðavoid€review€of€the€confidential€contents€by€prison€authorities.ÌÌà  àIf€you€have€legal€questions€about€your€case,€you€should€write€to€me€directly.€€Do€not€haveÏthird€parties€call€to€ask€me€about€your€case.€€I€cannot€discuss€your€case€with€any€non„attorney€otherÏthan€you€without€violating€the€attorney„client€privilege.ÌÌà  àThe€court€does€not€approve€of€client€visits€unless€advance€permission€is€obtained€andÏextraordinary€circumstances€require€such€a€visit.€€The€court€generally€deems€communications€byÏmail€to€be€adequate€on€appeal€by€reason€of€the€nature€of€an€appeal,€which€is€generally€limited€to€aÏreview€of€the€trial€record.ÌÌà  àAlthough€your€communications€with€me€are€privileged€and€cannot€be€revealed€to€othersÏwithout€your€permission€and€cannot€be€used€against€you,€your€communications€with€most€otherÏpeople€are€probably€not€so€protected.€€Therefore,€you€should€be€extremely€cautious€about€discussingÏthe€details€of€your€case€with€prison€guards,€other€inmates,€or€anyone€else,€either€in€person€or€inÏwriting.€€If€you€divulge€incriminating€information€to€them,€you€may€some€day€find€these€people€asÏwitnesses€against€you€should€your€appeal€succeed€in€gaining€you€a€retrial.ÌÌà  àPlease€cooperate€with€me€in€keeping€our€communications€privileged.€€By€working€with€me,Ð ,`'* Ðyour€attorney,€we€can€increase€the€chances€of€getting€the€judgment€reversed€or€modified.ÌÌÌÑ€eÑÌà@û û ìàò òPREPARATION€OF€THE€BRIEFSó óˆÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àAppellant's€opening€brief€is€due€30€days€after€the€completed€record€is€filed€with€the€CourtÏof€Appeal.€€Often€an€attorney€will€request€an€extension€of€30€days€because€more€time€is€needed€toÏcomplete€the€research€and€writing.€€The€brief€is€a€written€argument€stating€the€reasons€why€the€trialÏcourt's€decision€should€be€reversed€or€modified.€€The€purpose€of€the€brief€is€to€point€out€any€errorsÏthat€may€have€occurred€in€the€court€below€which€were€serious€enough€that€the€result€must€beÏchanged.€€It€is€not€enough€to€show€that€some€error€occurred;€just€because€your€trial€was€not€error„freeÏdoes€not€mean€you€are€entitled€to€a€new€trial.€€We€must€show€that€the€errors€were€prejudicial,€so€thatÏthe€judgment€must€be€reversed€or€modified.€€The€brief€is€based€strictly€on€the€record€on€appeal€andÏmay€not€contain€arguments€based€on€statements,€documents,€or€events€which€are€not€included€in€thatÏrecord.€€In€other€words,€your€appeal€can€challenge€only€things€which€the€record€shows€actuallyÏoccurred€in€the€lower€court.€€Everything€which€the€appellate€court€has€to€consider€in€determining€theÏissues€raised€on€appeal€must€be€included€in€the€brief,€whether€it€is€favorable€or€unfavorable€to€you.€ÏAlthough€I€will€emphasize€your€side€of€the€issue,€I€am€obligated€to€present€the€whole€picture€in€theÏbrief.ÌÌà  àI€will€conscientiously€review€the€record€on€appeal€for€error.€€In€order€to€uncover€any€arguableÏissues€which€may€be€presented€on€your€behalf,€I€will€read€the€transcripts,€talk€with€your€trialÏattorney,€ask€for€your€suggestions,€and€review€the€trial€court€files€where€appropriate.€€Any€issues€IÏfind€will€be€set€forth€in€the€opening€brief.ÌÌà  àHowever,€in€the€rare€event€that€I€do€not€find€that€any€significant€errors€have€occurred€in€theÏlower€court€proceedings,€I€will€promptly€consult€with€you,€inform€you€of€the€results€of€my€researchÏand€investigation,€and€ask€you€how€you€wish€to€proceed.€€If€I€find€that€I€have€no€arguable€issues€toÏraise,€there€are€basically€three€available€options:€€(1)€you€can€abandon€the€appeal;€(2)€I€can€file€whatÏis€known€as€a€òòSade€C.óó€letter;€or€(3)€you€can€request€that€the€court€relieve€me€as€your€counsel,€and€youÐ Ð  Ðcan€write€your€own€brief€to€file€in€the€court€of€appeal.€€In€a€òòSade€C.óó€letter,€I€explain€to€the€court€thatÐ À! ÐI€was€unable€to€find€any€grounds€for€changing€the€juvenile€courtððs€decision.ÌÌà  àIf€you€file€an€abandonment€of€your€appeal€or€if€I€file€a€òòSade€Cóó.€letter,€it€is€almost€certain€thatÐ $à" Ðthe€Court€of€Appeal€will€dismiss€your€appeal€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court,€thus€endingÏthe€appellate€process.€€There€will€ordinarily€be€no€further€review€of€the€judgment€by€any€appellateÏcourt.ÌÌà  àWhen€an€appellant's€opening€brief€has€been€filed€on€your€behalf,€child€protective€services€andÏthe€minorððs€attorney,€who€are€the€respondents€in€almost€all€dependency€appeals,€have€30€days€toÏprepare€and€file€a€respondent's€brief.€€Often€they€will€request€one€or€more€extensions€of€30€days€inÏwhich€to€file€that€brief,€and€those€requests€are€usually€granted€by€the€Court€of€Appeal.€€Their€€briefs,Ð ,`'* Ðlike€your€brief,€must€be€based€solely€on€the€record€on€appeal.€€The€minorððs€brief€can€be€filed€afterÏthe€appellantððs€reply€brief.ÌÌà  àIf€some€response€is€needed€to€counter€an€argument€made€by€the€respondent,€I€can€file€anÏappellant's€reply€brief€on€your€behalf.€€A€reply€brief€is€not€filed€in€every€case,€but€if€it€is€it€must€beÏfiled€within€20€days€of€the€day€the€respondentððs€brief€was€filed.ÌÌà@``$ìàò òORAL€ARGUMENTó óˆÐ @  ÐÌà  àOnce€all€the€briefs€have€been€filed,€your€case€may€be€set€for€oral€argument€in€the€Court€ofÏAppeal.€€Oral€argument€is€no€longer€automatically€set€in€every€case.€€The€clerk€of€the€Court€ofÏAppeal€usually€sends€counsel€for€both€sides€a€notice€that€if€oral€argument€is€not€requested€within€10Ïdays,€the€court€will€not€set€the€matter€for€argument€and€will€deem€the€matter€submitted€on€the€briefs.€ÏI€will€request€oral€argument€if€there€is€any€advantage€to€be€gained€by€arguing€your€case.€€Otherwise,Ïoral€argument€will€be€waived.€€Argument€is€usually€set€between€one€and€three€months€after€the€lastÏbrief€is€filed.ÌÌà  àOn€the€day€of€oral€argument,€I€and€attorneys€from€county€counsel€and€for€the€minor€willÏappear€before€three€justices€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€and€argue€the€case.€€Argument€is€relatively€brief.€ÏNo€live€witness€testimony€is€taken.€€The€opinion€of€the€court€is€generally€written€before€oralÏargument.€€The€court€does€not€hear€any€new€evidence.€€You€will€not€be€brought€to€court€for€theÏargument€if€you€are€in€custody.€€If€you€are€out€of€custody,€you€are€welcome€to€attend€and€watch,Ïalthough€you€are€not€permitted€to€participate.ÌÌà@rr!ìàò òTHE€COURT'S€OPINIONó óˆÐ 0€ ÐÌà  àWithin€90€days€after€the€case€is€ordered€submitted,€the€Court€of€Appeal€will€file€its€writtenÏopinion€stating€whether€the€judgment€should€be€affirmed,€reversed,€or€modified.€€The€court€will€sendÏa€copy€of€its€opinion€directly€to€you,€as€well€as€to€me.€€Every€defendant€should€be€aware€that,€simplyÏas€a€matter€of€statistics,€fewer€than€10€percent€of€all€dependency€judgments€reviewed€by€the€CourtÏof€Appeal€are€actually€reversed.€€A€somewhat€larger€percentage€of€cases€do€receive€partial€reversalsÏor€modifications€of€the€judgment.€€These€modifications,€particularly€those€related€to€sentencing,€canÏbe€very€important€in€affecting€the€time€you€actually€serve,€even€though€they€fall€short€of€totalÏreversal€of€the€judgment.ÌÌà@II#ìàò òFURTHER€REVIEWó óˆÐ €%Ð # ÐÌà  àAs€soon€as€the€opinion€of€the€court€of€appeal€is€received,€I€will€make€a€careful€review€of€theÏopinion€and€the€case€to€determine€whether€I€should€take€any€further€steps€on€your€behalf.€€If€theÏanswer€is€no,€I€will€notify€you€promptly€by€letter€and€send€you€the€record€on€appeal€to€proceedÏfurther€on€your€own.€€If€you€do,€you€must€comply€with€the€time€requirements€discussed€below.ÌÌà  àIf€I€conclude€that€further€review€is€appropriate,€there€are€two€possibilities.€€A€petition€forÐ ,`'* ÐÑeÑâ âÑϰÑâ âÑ  Ñrehearing€can€be€filed€in€the€court€of€appeal.€€The€purpose€of€a€petition€for€rehearing€is€to€point€outÏto€the€Court€of€Appeal€some€misstatements€of€fact€or€misapplication€of€law€and€to€ask€that€court€toÏreconsider€its€decision.€€The€petition€for€rehearing€must€be€filed€within€15€days€of€the€filing€of€theÏcourt's€written€opinion.€€The€Court€of€Appeal€then€has€another€15€days€to€decide€whether€to€grantÏa€rehearing,€which€it€rarely€does.€€If€no€rehearing€is€granted€within€30€days€of€the€court's€opinion,Ïthat€opinion€becomes€final.ÌÌà  àOnce€the€opinion€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€has€become€final,€the€other€possibility€for€furtherÏreview€becomes€available.€€A€petition€for€review€can€be€filed€in€the€California€Supreme€Court€withinÏ10€days€after€the€opinion€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€becomes€final,€that€is€between€the€30th€and€40th€dayÏafter€the€date€stamped€on€the€Court€of€Appeal's€opinion.€€The€petition€must€be€filed€within€this€shortÏtime€period.€€If€I€deem€such€a€petition€appropriate,€then€I€will€be€happy€to€file€a€petition€for€reviewÏon€your€behalf.ÌÌà  àOnce€review€in€the€California€Supreme€Court€has€been€exhausted,€it€is€possible€to€seekÏreview€in€federal€court€by€petition€for€certiorari€to€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€filed€within€90Ïdays€of€the€denial€of€petition€for€ñ†ñreview€ñ†ññ…ñhearing€ñ…ñby€the€California€Supreme€Court.€€Federal€review€isÏappropriate€only€where€you€can€contend€that€a€federal€constitutional€right€has€been€violated.€€TheÏlikelihood€of€obtaining€hearing€and€relief€in€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€is€very€small.€€If€youÏare€interested€in€pursuing€these€channels,€you€must€do€so€on€your€own,€as€my€appointment€does€notÏextend€to€them.€€In€such€cases,€you€may€proceed€initially€in€propria€persona€and€request€that€theÏcourt€appoint€counsel€for€you€or€hire€a€retained€attorney€to€represent€you.ÌÌà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ @ ÐÌà  àI€appreciate€the€opportunity€to€represent€you€on€your€appeal.€€For€my€part€I€will€do€my€bestÏto€provide€you€with€good€representation.€€If€you€will€cooperate€with€me€in€the€preparation€of€yourÏappeal,€we€will€have€together€done€the€best€we€can€on€your€behalf.€€I€look€forward€to€working€withÏyou.Ô#†XéXXXé-#ÔÐ ð@ Ð