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D@ UA DB DC DD E Š“h6ê:i¢Ø+003|xE ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÿÿ1100-1004ÿÿ2EmphasisòòóóÝ ƒ;€!ÝÔ€X XXXÔÔ€Š"™‹XX ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòÓ  ÓCONSTITUTIONAL€RIGHTS€AVAILABLE€IN€PROCEEDINGSÐ ° ÐOTHER€THAN€CRIMINAL€TRIALSóóÐ ° ÐÓxÓÌBy€Jonathan€GrossmanÌÌÌÌà  àDoes€the€Bill€of€Rights€apply?ÌÌò òÓ  ÓTHE€UNITED€STATES€CONSTITUTIONó óÐ °  ÐÓQÓÌÑ8€ XdìdÈ8ÑÓ  Óò òArticle€I,€section€10,€1st€paragraphó óÐ °  ÐÓÜÓÌà8  àà ` àòòNo€Stateóó€shall€enter€into€any€Treaty,€Alliance,€or€Confederation;€grantÐ °  ÐLetters€of€Marque€and€Reprisal;€coin€Money;€emit€Bills€of€Credit;€make€anyÏThing€but€gold€and€silver€Coin€a€Tender€in€Payment€of€Debts;€pass€any€BillÏof€Attainder,€òòex€post€facto€Lawóó,€or€Law€impairing€the€Obligation€of€Contracts,Ð ° Ðor€grant€any€Title€of€Nobility.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ  Óà @ àò òFourth€Amendment€ó óÐ ° ÐÓèÓÌà8  àà ` àThe€right€of€the€people€to€be€secure€in€their€persons,€houses,€papers,Ïand€effects,€against€unreasonable€searches€and€seizures,€shall€not€be€violated,Ïand€no€Warrants€shall€issue,€but€upon€probable€cause,€supported€by€Oath€orÏaffirmation,€and€particularly€describing€the€place€to€be€searched,€and€theÏpersons€or€things€to€be€seized.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ  Óà @ àò òFifth€Amendment€ó óÐ ° ÐÓ¹ÓÌà8  àà ` àNo€person€shall€be€held€to€answer€for€a€capital,€or€otherwise€infamousÐ °! Ðòòcrimeóó,€unless€on€a€presentment€or€indictment€of€a€Grand€Jury,€except€in€casesÐ °" Ðarising€in€the€land€or€naval€forces,€or€in€the€Militia,€when€in€actual€service€inÏtime€of€War€or€public€danger;€nor€shall€any€person€be€subject€for€the€sameÏoffence€to€be€twice€put€in€jeopardy€of€life€or€limb;€nor€shall€be€compelled€inÏany€òòcriminal€caseóó€to€be€a€witness€against€himself,€òònor€be€deprived€of€life,Ð °&"" Ðliberty,€or€property,€without€due€process€of€law;€nor€shall€private€property€beÏtaken€for€public€use,€without€just€compensationóó.а($$Ð Ð  Ðñ? ññ> ñ\ñ> ññ? ññ@ ñÌñ@ ññ> ñÌñ> ñÐ °+'' ÐÓ  Óà @ àò òSixth€Amendment€ó óÐ ° ÐÓ ÓÌà8  àà ` àòòIn€all€criminal€prosecutionsóó,€the€accused€shall€enjoy€the€right€to€aÐ ° Ðspeedy€and€public€trial,€by€an€impartial€jury€of€the€State€and€district€whereinÏthe€crime€shall€have€been€committed,€which€district€shall€have€been€previouslyÏascertained€by€law,€and€to€be€informed€of€the€nature€and€cause€of€theÏaccusation;€to€be€confronted€with€the€witnesses€against€him;€to€haveÏcompulsory€process€for€obtaining€witnesses€in€his€favor,€and€to€have€theÏAssistance€of€Counsel€for€his€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ  Óà @ àò òEighth€Amendmentó ó€Ð °  ÐÓ» ÓÌà8  àà ` àExcessive€bail€shall€not€be€required,€nor€excessive€fines€imposed,€norÏcruel€and€unusual€òòpunishmentsóó€inflicted.д Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ  Óà @ àò òFourteenth€Amendment,€section€1ó ó€Ð ´ ÐÓ½ ÓÌà8  àà ` àAll€persons€born€or€naturalized€in€the€United€States,€and€subject€to€theÏjurisdiction€thereof,€are€citizens€of€the€United€States€and€of€the€State€whereinÏthey€reside.€òòNo€Stateóó€shall€make€or€enforce€any€law€which€shall€abridge€theÐ ¸ Ðprivileges€or€immunities€of€citizens€of€the€United€States;€nor€shall€any€StateÏdeprive€any€person€of€òòlife,€liberty,€or€property,€without€due€process€of€law;€norÐ ¸ Ðdeny€to€any€person€within€its€jurisdiction€the€equal€protection€of€the€lawsóó.иРР ÐÌÓ  Óò òà @ àDUE€PROCESS€ó óÐ ¸ ÐÓ`ÓÌÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ôà  à€The€due€process€clause€of€the€Fifth€Amendment€does€not€apply€directly€to€the€states;Ð ¸ Ðinstead,€the€due€process€clause€of€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€does.€€However,€the€clausesÏmean€the€same€thing.€€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9°#Ô(òòÔ_ÔPlylerÔ_Ô€v.€Doeóó€(1982)€457€U.S.€202,€210;€òòÔ_ÔBollingÔ_Ô€v.€Sharpeóó€(1954)Ð ¸  Ð347€U.S.€497,€498„499;€òòUnited€States€v.€Navarro„Vargasóó€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô(9th€Cir.€2005)Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9µ#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô€408€F.3d€1184,Ð ¸! Ð1189.)ÌÌÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ôà  àExhausting€a€constitutional€claim€rò òÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9t#Ôó óequires€an€expressed€reference€to€a€specific€federalÐ ¸$  Ðconstitutional€guarantee€as€well€as€a€statement€of€fact€which€entitles€the€defendant€to€relief.€ÏÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÔ‡ˆæ,ˆ‹Šæ9Ôð ðWhere€a€particular€Amendment€ððprovides€an€explicit€textual€source€of€constitutionalÐ ¸&"" Ðprotectionðð€against€a€particular€sort€of€government€behavior,€ððthat€Amendment,€not€the€moreÏgeneralized€notion€of€substantive€due€process,ðð€must€be€the€guide€for€analyzing€these€claims.ðð€Ï(òòAlbright€v.€Oliveróó€(1994)510€U.S.266,273€(plur.€opn.),€quoting€òòGraham€v.€ConnoróóÐ ¸)%% Ð(1989)490€U.S.€386,395;€Ô#†ˆ"߈ˆˆæ,•#ÔÔ#†Š"™‹ˆˆ"ß´#ÔòòGray€v.€Ô_ÔNetherlandÔ_Ô€óó(1996)€518€U.S.€152,€162„163.Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÔ‡ˆæ,ˆ‹Šæ9Ô)Ô#†ˆ"߈ˆˆæ,4#ÔÔ#†Š"™‹ˆˆ"ßS#ÔÐ ¸*&& ÐÐ ¸+'' Ðà  àA€claim€that€there€was€not€substantial€evidence€can€be€raised€in€a€civil€appeal€withoutÏan€objection€below.€€òòóó(òòTahoe€National€Bank€v.€Phillips€óó(1971)€4€Cal.3d€11,€23,fn.€17;€òòFirstÐ ° ÐNat.€Bank€v.€Maryland€Ô_ÔCasÔ_Ô.€Co.€óó(1912)€162€Cal.€61,€72„73;€òòÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔIn€re€Brian€P.óó€(2002)99Ð ° ÐCal.App.4th616,€623€[dependency].)òòÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9&#ÔóóÐ ° ÐÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÌà  àMost€civil€errors€do€not€require€reversal€unless€they€amounted€to€a€miscarriage€ofÏjustice.€€(Cal.€Const.,€art.€VI,€ðð€13;€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Ö#ÔòòÔ_ÔCassimÔ_Ô€v.€All„State€Ins.€Co.óó€(2004)€33€Cal.4th€780,€800„Ð °  Ð801;€òòPeople€v.€Watson€óó(1956)€46€Cal.2d€818,€836„837.)òòóóÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô€€A€violation€of€a€substantive€orÐ °  Ðprocedural€due€process€right€under€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€should€be€reviewed€underÐ °  ÐòòChapmanóó.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòUnited€States€v.€Ô_ÔBagleyÔ_Ôóó€(1985)€473€U.S.€667,€680€[intentionalòò€BradyóóÐ °  Ðerror];€òòÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9V#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔIn€re€Vanessa€M.óó€(2006)€138€Cal.App.4th€1121,€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9â#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô1132€[preventing€a€parent€fromÐ °  Ðtestifying];€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔJoannÔ_Ô€E.óó€(2002)€104€Cal.App.4th€347,€359€[appointment€of€guardian„ad„Ð °  Ðlitem€without€adequate€hearing];€òòIn€re€Angela€C.óó€(2002)€99€Cal.App.4th€389,€394€[notice];Ð °  ÐòòIn€re€Stacy€Tóó.€(1997)€52€Cal.App.4th€1415,€1426€&€fn.€9€[denied€right€to€cross„examinationÐ °  Ðand€notice€of€appeal€rights];€òòIn€re€Dolly€D.óó€(1995)€41€Cal.App.4th€440,€446„447€[cross„Ð ° Ðexamination];€òòIn€re€Andrew€S.óó€(1994)€27€Cal.App.4th€541,€547;€òòIn€re€Monique€T.óó€(1992)€2Ð ° ÐCal.App.4th1372,1377;€òòIn€re€Amy€M.óó€(1991)€232€Cal.App.3d€849,€867„868€[presentÐ ° Ðwitnesses].)€€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9U#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔBut€courts€sometimes€hold€that€a€violation€of€due€process€requires€reversal€onlyÐ ° Ðif€procedures€were€fundamentally€unfair.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòÔ_ÔDonnellyÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔDeChristoforoÔ_Ôóó€(1974)€416Ð ° ÐU.S.€€637,€643;€òòÔ_ÔLassiterÔ_Ô€v.€DSSóó€(1981)€452€U.S.€18,€32„33;Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9©#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9e!#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔòòIn€re€Ô_ÔMerandaÔ_Ô€P.óó€(1997)€56Ð ° ÐCal.App.4th€1143,€1153;€òòIn€re€Malcolm€D.óó€(1996)€42€Cal.App.4th€904,€919.òòóó)Ð ° ÐÌà  àThe€most€basic€due€process€rights€are€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9¨!#Ôthe€right€to€notice,€an€opportunity€to€be€heard,Ð ° Ðand€a€neutral€decision„maker.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòMatthews€v.€Ô_ÔEldridgeÔ_Ôóó€(1976)€424€U.S.€319,€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô335.)€Ð ° ÐTo€determine€if€a€procedure€is€required€by€due€process,€the€court€must€balance€the€privateÏinterñC ñEñC ññD ñeñD ñst,€the€government€interest,€and€the€risk€of€mistake€in€the€decision„making€process.€ÏÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9œ##ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô(òòIbid.óó)Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Å$#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô€€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9%#Ôð ðFirst,€the€private€interest€that€will€be€affected€by€the€official€action;€second,€the€riskÐ ° Ðof€an€erroneous€deprivation€of€such€interests€through€the€procedures€used,€and€the€probableÏvalue,€if€any,€of€additional€or€substitute€procedural€safeguards;€and€finally,€theÏGovernmentððs€interests,€including€the€function€involved€and€the€fiscal€and€administrativeÏburdens€that€the€additional€or€substituted€procedural€requirements€would€entail.ðð€€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô(òòIbid.óóÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9-'#Ô;Ð °" ÐòòDavid€B.€Superior€Courtóó€(1993)€21€Cal.App.4th€1010,€1018;€see€also€òòÔ_ÔAkeÔ_Ô€v.€OklahomaóóÐ °# Ð(1985)€470€U.S.€68,€76„77;€òòPeople€v.€Ottoóó€(2001)€26€Cal.4th€200€210;€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔMalindaÔ_Ô€S.óóÐ °$  Ð(1990)€51€Cal.3d€376,383;€òòPeople€v.€Superior€Court€(Howard)óó€(1999)€70€Cal.App.4th136,Ð °%!! Ð154.)Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÐ °&"" ÐÌà  àÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ91)#Ôð ðOur€state€due€process€constitutional€analysis€differs€from€that€conducted€pursuantÐ °($$ Ðto€the€federal€due€process€clause€in€that€the€claimant€need€not€establish€a€property€or€libertyÏinterest€as€a€prerequisite€in€invoking€due€process€protection.ðð€€It€is€ð ð€ððmuch€more€inclusiveððÏand€protects€a€broader€range€of€interests.ððÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô€€(Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9ù*#ÔòòRyan€v.€Cal.€Interscholastic€Federation„SanÐ °+'' ÐDiego€Sectionóó€(2001)€94€Cal.App.4th€1048,€1069;€see€òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔCudjoÔ_Ôóó€(1993)6€Cal.4th€585,Ð ° Ð606„608.)€€Note€there€are€two€due€process€clauses€in€the€state€constitution.€€Article€I,€sectionÏ15€applies€only€in€criminal€cases€while€article€I,€section€7€applies€in€all€contexts.ÌÌÓ  Óò òEQUAL€PROTECTIONó óÐ ° ÐÓÐ,ÓÌÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ôà  àThe€equal€protection€clause€of€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€applies€only€to€the€states.€Ð °  ÐThe€requirement€that€the€federal€government€not€discriminate€is€part€of€the€due€processÏclause€of€the€Fifth€Amendment.€€(òòÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9-#ÔÔ_ÔBollingÔ_Ô€v.€Sharpeóó€(1954)€347€U.S.€497,€498„499.)Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÐ °  ÐÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9ž.#ÔÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÌÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9õ.#Ôà  àCaliforniaððs€equal€protection€clauses€(Cal.€Const.,€art.€I,€ðððð€7,€31,€art.€IV,€ðð€16)€€mightÐ °  Ðbe€broader€than€the€Fourteenth€Amendment.€€(Compare€òòÔ_ÔKoireÔ_Ô€v.€Metro€Car€Washóó€(1985)€40Ð °  ÐCal.3d€24,€37€[strict€scrutiny€for€gender€discrimination]€with€òòÔ_ÔManduleyÔ_Ô€v.€Superior€CourtóóÐ °  Ð(2002)27€Cal.4th€537,€571€[ð ðequal€protection€provisions€in€the€California€ConstitutionÏððhave€been€generally€thought€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô...Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9_1#Ô€to€be€substantially€equivalent€of€the€equal€protection€clauseÐ ° Ðof€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution.ðð€ðð€(fn.€omitted)].)Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÐ ° ÐÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Q2#ÔÌò òÓ  ÓRIGHT€TO€COUNSELó óÐ ° ÐÓ¬2ÓÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€counsel€applies€to€the€states.€€(òòPowell€v.€AlabamaóóÐ ° Ð(1932)€287€U.S.€45€[death€penalty€cases];€òòGideon€v.€Wainwrightóó€(1963)€372€U.S.335,€340„Ð ° Ð345€[all€criminal€cases€generally].)€€The€defendant€has€the€right€under€the€Sixth€AmendmentÏto€waive€counsel€in€the€trial€court.€€(òòÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÔ_ÔFarettaÔ_Ô€v.€California€óó(1975)€422€U.S.€806,€818.)Ð ° ÐÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9`4#ÔÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€applies€only€in€criminal€cases.€€(òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔMadeyskiÔ_Ôóó€(2001)Ð ° Ð94€Cal.App.4th€659,€664€[no€right€to€appointed€counsel€in€civil€forfeiture€proceeding];ÏòòÔ_ÔArchetaÔ_Ô€v.€Superior€Courtóó€(1999)€70€Cal.App.4th€1500,€1514„1515€[no€right€to€appointedÐ ° Ðcounsel€to€oppose€anti„gang€injunction].)òòóó€€A€minor€has€a€due€process€right€to€counsel€inÐ ° Ðdelinquency€cases.€€(òòIn€re€Ô_ÔGaultÔ_Ôóó€(1966)€387€U.S.€1,€34„35.)€€Ð °  ÐÌà  àA€person€in€a€civil€commitment€proceeding€has€a€due€process€right,€not€a€SixthÏAmendment€right,€to€counsel.€€(òòÔ_ÔVitekÔ_Ô€v.€Jonesóó€(1980)€445€U.S.€480,494„497.)€€Thus,€thereÐ °# Ðis€not€a€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€self„representation.€€(òòPeople€v.€Fraseróó€(2006)€138Ð °$  ÐCal.App.4th€1430,€1466€[no€constitutional€right€to€self„representation€in€SVP€cases];€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔòòPeopleÐ °%!! Ðv.€Williamsóó€(2003)€110€Cal.App.4th€1577,€1590,€1592„1593Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9*9#Ô€[only€a€statutory€right,€so€reviewÐ °&"" Ðdenial€of€motion€for€self„representation€for€abuse€of€discretion€for€prejudice€under€òòWatsonóó];Ð °'## Ðsee€òòConservatorship€of€Joel€E.óó€(2005)€132€Cal.App.4th€429,€435€[Sixth€Amendment€doesÐ °($$ Ðnot€apply€to€LPS€proceedings].)€€Other€courts€have€assumed€without€discussion€there€is€aÏright€to€self„representation€in€civil€commitment€proceedings.€€(òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔWolozonÔ_Ôóó€(1982)Ð °*&& Ð138€Cal.App.3d€456,460€[NGI€extension].)€€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔIt€is€not€clear€if€the€defendant€has€the€sameÐ °+'' Ðright€to€effective€assistance€of€counsel.€€(See€òòPeople€v.€Leonardóó€(2000)€78€Cal.App.4th€776,Ð ° Ð784€[assumed€in€SVP€case];€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9û;#Ô€òòWoodward€v.€Ô_ÔMaybergÔ_Ôóó€(N.D.€Cal.€2003)€242€F.Supp.2d€695,Ð ° Ð707€[assuming€without€analysis€the€right€to€effective€assistance€of€counsel€at€an€SVPÏcommitment].)€€ÌÌà  àThe€òòWendeóó€procedure€does€not€fully€apply€in€an€appeal€from€an€LPS€commitment.€Ð °  Ð(òòConservatorship€of€Ben€C.óó€(2007)€40€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔCal.4thÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9‹>#Ô€529,€538€[for€the€correct€procedure,€see€òòÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ôid.óóÐ °  Ðat€p.Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9?#Ô€544].)€€It€does€not€fully€apply€in€dependency€cases€and€in€appeals€from€the€terminationÐ °  Ðof€parental€rights.€€(òòIn€re€Sade€C.óó€(1996)€13€Cal.4th€952,€982;€šòòRonald€S.€v.€Superior€CourtÐ °  Ðóó(1995)€34€Cal.App.4th€1467,€1468„1469;€ššòòAdoption€of€Chad€T.óó€(1995)€39€Cal.App.4th€1107,Ð °  Ð1108„1109.)€€šThe€òòWendeóó€procedure€applies€in€delinquency€cases.€€(òòIn€re€Kevin€S.óó€(2003)€113Ð °  ÐCal.App.4th€97,€117„118.)ÌÌà  àThere€might€be€a€due€process€right€to€counsel€when€the€patient€is€allegedly€soÏincompetent€as€to€not€be€able€to€look€after€his€or€her€legal€interests.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔPeopleÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9 B#Ô€v.Ð ° ÐÔ_ÔJenanÔ_Ôóó€(2007)€148€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔCal.App.4thÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9žB#Ô€1144,€1164„1165€[the€court€was€required€to€appoint€counselÐ ° Ðand€begin€competency€proceeding€when€it€expressed€doubt€whether€a€pro€per€defendant€wasÏcompetent];€òòConservatorship€of€Joel€E.,€supra,óó€132€Cal.App.4th€at€p.€439€[due€process€rightÐ ° Ðto€appointed€counsel€in€conservatorship€proceedings];€cf.€òòÔ_ÔGodinezÔ_Ô€v.€Moranóó€(1993)€509€U.S.Ð ° Ð389,€400„401€[a€criminal€defendant€would€cease€to€have€a€right€to€represent€himself€inÏcriminal€cases€if€found€incompetent].)€ÌÌà  àThere€is€sometimes€a€due€process€right€to€effective€assistance€of€counsel€when€it€isÏrequired€by€statute,€but€it€is€a€more€difficult€standard.€€ð ð(1)€the€alleged€ineffective€assistanceÏof€counsel€rendered€ððthe€proceeding€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô...Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9 F#Ô€so€fundamentally€unfair€that€[the€defendant]€wasÐ ° Ðprevented€from€reasonably€presenting€[the]€case'€[citation]€and€(2)€ððsubstantial€prejudice,'Ð ° Ðwhich€ð ðis€essentially€a€demonstration€that€the€alleged€violation€affected€the€outcome€of€theÏproceeding'€[citation].ððòò€óó€(òòLara„Torres€v.€Ashcroftóó€(9th€Cir.€2004)€383€F.3d€968,€973.)€€ThereÐ ° Ðis€a€due€process€right€to€counsel€in€some€dependency€cases.€€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô(òòÔ_ÔLassiterÔ_Ô€v.€Department€ofÐ °  ÐSocial€Servicesóó€(1981)€452€U.S.€18,€31„32.)Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9+H#Ô€€There€is€a€statutory€right€to€effective€assistanceÐ °! Ðof€counsel€in€dependency€cases.€€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô(Welf.€&€Inst.€Code,€ððÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9WI#Ô€317.5.)€€But€it€is€not€clear€if€theÐ °" Ðcourt€should€apply€the€òòStricklandóó€standard€or€òòWatsonóó€standard.€€(See€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔòòIn€re€Ô_ÔKristinÔ_Ô€H.óó€(1996)Ð °# Ð46€Cal.App.4th€1635,€1668.)€€It€is€not€clear€of€the€two€standards€are€significantly€different.€Ï(See€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9K#Ôñ@ ñÔ‡ŠF\‹‹Šâ×Ôñ@ ñòòóóñ@ ñÔ#†Šâ׋‹ŠF\ýK#Ôñ@ ñÐ °&"" ÐÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€only€applies€ð ðat€or€after€the€time€that€judicial€proceedings€haveÏbeen€initiated€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô...Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9M#Ô€ððwhether€by€way€of€formal€charge,€preliminary€hearing,€indictment,Ð °)%% Ðinformation,€or€arraignment.ðð€ðð€€(òòBrewer€v.€Williamsóó€(1977)€430€U.S.€391,€398,€quotingÐ °*&& ÐòòKirby€v.€Illinoisóó€(1972)€406€U.S.€682,€689òòóó;€òòUnited€States€v.€Ô_ÔGouveiaÔ_Ôóó€(1974)€467€U.S.€180,Ð °+'' Ð188;òò€People€v.€Ô_ÔSlaytonÔ_Ôóó€(2001)€26€Cal.4th€1076,€1079.)òòóó€€Thus,€there€is€no€Sixth€AmendmentÐ ° Ðright€to€counsel€at€a€custodial€interrogation€before€charges€have€been€filed;€this€is€analyzedÏunder€the€Fifth€Amendment.€€Technically,€there€is€no€due€process€right€to€counsel€atÏinterrogations;€the€right€to€counsel€is€a€prophylactic€rule€in€order€to€protect€the€FifthÏAmendment€privilege€against€self„incrimination.€€(òòÔ_ÔMcNeilÔ_Ô€v.€Wisconsinóó€(1991)501€U.S.Ð ° Ð171,€176„177;€òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔAvilaÔ_Ôóó€(1999)75€Cal.App.4th€416,€421.)€€Ð °  ÐÌà  àOnce€charges€have€been€filed,€the€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€counsel€does€not€applyÏto€every€event.€€A€defendant€has€a€federal€constitutional€right€to€counsel€at€a€critical€stageÏin€a€criminal€proceeding,€where€substantial€rights€of€the€accused€may€be€at€stake.€€(òòKirby€v.Ð °  ÐIllinoisóó€(1972)€406€U.S.€682,€690.)€€There€is€a€Sixth€Amendment€violation€only€if€theÐ °  Ðdefendant€is€sentenced€to€jail€without€having€the€opportunity€to€have€an€attorney.€€(òòScott€v.Ð °  ÐIllinoisóó€(1979)€440€U.S.€367,€373„374;€òòÔ_ÔArgersingerÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔHamlinÔ_Ôóó€(1972)€407€U.S.€25,€37.)Ð °  ÐÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€ceases€to€apply€when€the€criminal€case€in€the€trial€court€ends.€ÏThus,€there€is€not€a€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€counsel€on€appeal.€€(òòMartinez€v.€State€ofÐ ° ÐCaliforniaóó€(2000)€528€U.S.€152,€155.)€€On€appeal,€there€is€a€due€process€and€equalÐ ° Ðprotection€right€to€counsel€which€is€almost€the€same€as€the€Sixth€Amendment€right.€€(šòòÔ_ÔHalbertÔ_ÔÐ ° Ðv.€Michiganóó€(2005)€545€U.S.€605,€617„624;€òòRoss€v.€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ôóó€(1974)417€U.S.€600,608„609;Ð ° КòòDouglas€v.€Californiaóó€(1963)€372€U.S.€349,€358.)€€Under€the€due€process€clause,€there€is€aÐ ° Ðright€to€effective€assistance€of€appellate€counsel.€€(òòÔ_ÔEvittsÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔLuceyÔ_Ôóó€(1985)€469€U.S.€387,€396.)€Ð ° ÐThe€òòóóstandard€is€still€the€òòStricklandóó€test.€€(òòSmith€v.€Robbinsóó€(2000)€528€U.S.€259,€285„289.)€Ð ° ÐAnd€the€complete€denial€of€appellate€counsel€will€automatically€lead€to€reversal.€€(òòÔ_ÔPensonÔ_ÔÐ ° Ðv.€Ohioóó€(1988)€488€U.S.€75,€82.)€€But€describing€it€as€a€Sixth€Amendment€right€will€lead€toÐ ° Ða€procedural€default€when€the€defendant€tries€to€file€a€federal€habeas€corpus€petition.Ï(òòÔ_ÔTamaliniÔ_Ô€v.€Stewartóó€(9th€Cir.€2001)€249€F.3d€895,€899.)€€Because€a€òòÔ_ÔFarettaÔ_Ôóó€right€is€a€SixthÐ ° ÐAmendment€right,€there€is€no€right€to€self„representation€on€appeal.€€(òòMartinez,€supra,€óóat€p.Ð ° Ð155.)€ÌÌà  àThere€is€no€federal€constitutional€right€to€counsel€on€collateral€review.€€(òòRoss€v.Ð °! ÐÔ_ÔMoffittÔ_Ôóó€(1974)€417€U.S.€600,€616.)€€Thus,€there€is€no€such€thing€as€ineffective€assistance€ofÐ °" Ðhabeas€counsel.€€(òòSmith€v.€Idaho€óó(9th€Cir.€2004)€392€F.3d€350,€357.)€€Nor€would€the€òòWendeóóÐ °# Ðor€òòAndersóó€procedure€apply.€€(òòPennsylvania€v.€Finleyóó€(1987)€481€U.S.551,557.)€€State€lawÐ °$  Ðprovides€an€indigent€petitioner€is€entitled€to€appointed€counsel€on€a€state€habeas€petition€ifÏthe€court€grants€an€order€to€show€cause.€(See€òòIn€re€Clarkóó€(1993)€5€Cal.4th€750,€780.)€Ð °&"" ÐÌò òÓ  ÓRIGHT€TO€CONFRONTATIONó óÐ °($$ ÐÓ¿]ÓÌà  àÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔThe€òòÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9^#ÔóóSixth€Amendment€right€to€confront€witnesses€applies€to€the€states.€€(òòPointer€v.Ð °*&& ÐTexasóó€(1965)380€U.S.400,€403„406;òòóó€ñA ñsee€ñA ñòòDelaware€v.€Van€Ô_ÔArsdallÔ_Ôóó€(1986)475€U.S.€673,€678.)Ð °+'' Ðà  àñB ñÌà ` àñB ñIt€applies€only€in€criminal€cases.€€A€minor€has€the€due€process€right€to€confrontÏwitnesses€in€the€jurisdictional€hearing€in€delinquency€case.€€(See€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔGaultÔ_Ôóó€(1966)€387€U.S.Ð ° Ð1,€56„57.)€€Otherwise,€there€is€at€most€aòòóó€due€process€in€civil€cases€where€a€liberty€interestÐ ° Ðexists.€€(òòÔ_ÔVitekÔ_Ô€v.€Jonesóó€(1980)€445€U.S.€480,€494„497€[commitment€proceedings];€òòPeople€v.Ð ° ÐOttoóó€(2001)€26€Cal.4th€200,€214€[SVP€cases];€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔMelindaÔ_Ô€S.€óó(1990)€51€Cal.3d€368,€383Ð ° Ð&€fn.€13€[dependency€cases]òòóó.)€€Some€statutes€state€that€the€commitment€defendant€has€theÐ °  Ðsame€rights€as€in€criminal€proceedings.€€(See,€e.g.,€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔPen.€Code,€ððÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Ëb#Ô€1026.5,€subd.€(b)(7)€[NGIÐ °  Ðextension];€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔWelf.€&€Inst.€Code,€ððÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Wc#Ô€1801.5€[juvenile€commitment€extension].)€€Note€that€aÐ °  Ðsanity€phase€proceeding€is€part€of€a€criminal€trial€to€determine€if€the€defendant€is€not€guiltyÏby€reason€of€insanity.€€(òòPeople€v.€Hernandezóó€(2000)€22€Cal.4th€512,€520„521.)€Ð °  ÐÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€confrontation€applies€only€at€trial.€€(òòPeople€v.€MirandaóóÐ °  Ð(2000)€23€Cal.4th€340,€352„353.)€€It€does€not€apply€in€preliminary€hearings€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô(òòibid.óó),€motionsÐ °  Ðto€suppress€evidence€(òòÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Že#ÔUnited€States€v.€Ô_ÔMatlockÔ_Ôóó€(1974)415€U.S.€164,€172„173;€òòPeople€v.Ð °  ÐNavarroóó€(2006)€138€Cal.App.4th€146,€161,€fn.€10),€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ôpretrial€hearings€(Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Äf#ÔòòKentucky€v.€SpenceróóÐ ° Ð(1987)€482€U.S.€730,€740),€or€motions€in€limine€(òòPeople€v.€Jonesóó€(2003)€29€Cal.4th1229,Ð ° Ð1251).€€It€does€not€apply€at€sentencing€(òòWilliams€v.€Oklahomaóó€(1958)358€U.S.€576,€584;šÐ ° ÐòòWilliams€v.€New€Yorkóó€(1949)€337€U.S.€211,€246;€òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔArbuckleÔ_Ôóó€(1978)€22€Cal.3d€749,Ð ° Ð754€[ð ðthe€Sixth€Amendment€right€of€confrontation€inapplicable€at€the€sentencing€stage€ofÏa€criminal€prosecutionðð];€òòUnited€States€v.€Hallóó€(9th€Cir.€2005)€419€F.3d980,€985€[òòCrawfordóóÐ ° Ðdoes€not€apply€to€sentencing]),€but€there€is€a€due€process€right€to€have€the€court€considerÏonly€accurate€information€(òòUnited€States€v.€Tuckeróó€(1972)€404€U.S.€443,€447)òòóó.€€òòóóSome€courtsÐ ° Ðhave€commented€that€there€might€not€be€a€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€confrontation€in€theÏpenalty€phase€of€a€capital€trial.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔSappÔ_Ôóó€(2003)31€Cal.4th240,291.)€òò€óóTheÐ ° ÐSixth€Amendment€right€to€confrontation€does€not€apply€to€probation€revocation€hearings,Ïbut€there€is€a€weaker€due€process€right.€€(šòòBlack€v.€Romanoóó€(1985)€471€U.S.€606,€611„612;Ð ° ÐòòšÔ_ÔGagnonÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔScareplliÔ_Ô€óó(1973)411€U.S.778,€790;€òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔArreolaÔ_Ôóó€(1994)€7€Cal.4th€1144,Ð ° Ð1156„1159.)€šÌÌà  àIn€criminal€cases,€the€right€to€confrontation€under€the€state€constitution€is€no€broaderÏthan€the€federal€constitutional€right.€€(See€Cal.€Const.,€art.€I,€ðð€28,€subd.€(d);€òòPeople€v.Ð °" ÐFletcheróó€(1996)13€Cal.4th€451,€465.)€Ð °# ÐÌò òÓ  ÓTHE€RIGHT€TO€PRESENT€A€DEFENSEó óÐ °%!! ÐÓEnÓÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€compel€the€attendance€of€witnesses€applies€to€theÏstates.€€(òòWashington€v.€Texasóó€(1967)388€U.S.€14,€19.)€€Ð °($$ ÐÌà  àA€minor€has€the€due€process€right€to€compel€the€attendance€of€witnesses€in€juvenileÏdelinquency€proceedings.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòIn€re€Thomas€F.€óó(2003)€113€Cal.App.4th€1249,€1255;Ð °+'' Ðsee€generally€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔGaultÔ_Ôóó€(1966)€387€U.S.€1,€56„57.)Ð ° ÐÌÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ôà  àÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Šp#ÔThe€Sixth€Amendment€only€applies€in€criminal€proceedings.€€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔUnder€the€due€processÐ ° Ðclause€of€the€Fourteenth€Amendment,€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9q#Ôthere€is€a€right€to€present€a€defense€in€a€violation€ofÐ ° Ðprobation€hearing.€€(òòBlack€v.€Romanoóó€(1985)€471€U.S.€606,€611„612.)òòóóÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔÐ ° ÐÌà  àUnder€the€due€process€clause€of€the€Fourteenth€Amendment,€there€is€right€to€be€heard,Ïwhich€includes€a€right€to€a€contested€hearing€as€provided€by€statute.€€Ô#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9>r#Ô(òòVitek€v.€Jonesóó€(1980)Ð °  Ð445€U.S.€480,€494„497€[commitment€proceedings];Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™Ô€òòDavid€B.€v.€Superior€Court€óó(2006)€140Ð °  ÐCal.App.4th€772,€777„780€[dependency€proceedings];€but€see€òòIn€re€Earl€L.óó€(2004)121Ð °  ÐCal.App.4th€1050,€1053€[the€court€can€deny€a€hearing€on€the€termination€of€parental€rightsÏif€the€parent€fails€to€make€an€adequate€offer€of€proof].)ÌÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9Ÿs#ÔÌò òÓ  ÓRIGHT€TO€A€SPEEDY€TRIALó óÐ °  ÐÓ)uÓÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€a€speedy€trial€applies€to€the€states.€€(òòÔ_ÔKlopferÔ_Ô€v.€NorthÐ ° ÐCarolinaóó€(1967)€386€U.S.€213,€222„223.)Ð ° ÐÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€a€speedy€trial€starts€only€after€criminal€proceedingsÏhave€begun.€€(òòUnited€States€v.€Marionóó€(1971)€404€U.S.€307,€320;òò€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔPeopleÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9öv#Ô€v.€Martinezóó€(2000)Ð ° Ð22€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔCal.4thÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9lw#Ô€750,€754„755,€761„764.)€€California€courts€interpret€the€beginning€of€€felonyÐ ° Ðproceeding€with€the€filing€of€the€indictment€or€information,€not€the€filing€of€a€felonyÏcomplaint.€€(òòÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔPeopleÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9€x#Ô€v.€Horningóó€(2004)€34€Ô‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔCal.4thÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9áx#Ô€871,€891„892;€òòÔ‡Šæ9‹‹Š"™ÔPeopleÔ#†Š"™‹‹Šæ9