ÿWPCÔ KÌs-ä¼ÈCÈ»C^ÎòÆ«&m4ôŠûÛ*LÌR]ÔW¦bí¹Õ)ݘœ1-õdæ%@•—¡:øtêÀ7¬GÓ¥1on¦}±C,l£.ySÓìÅRl.{ÅB{=Eˆ Õ½›I£ÔtGjœˆ¡±ˆ^‡+äFÚ¦"ÕòØú{ùÀ¨hÖ=z´)hJþ£2RR˜QqÉxK9-„Wï±Ù ðŽáØ–\sýÄ,‹¦Ê‡â†r…úZÆg±4[êŸW¡ôáðXã¾Á {—Rdìô¨È¢.Þ0öÆG\TÁåJ&à——ÄaÈWþÊÁiBÓ‚\E0”ÎßÔõ§£Çm<¤š5!u± eZW0XßGÔÓ¼øŸ`¼f¹·f€«âÐ5þ!•O]LÏÃ6‡.7¨ÃÆÉkbõ“·Ì:„’¡¾×góÓß îÿ8N³Q¢PåÖéOU♕¹Ðbÿ‘Œ®Y© 9”i:6k]|0&n:5¿šFò/àî Õj»Ö=‡²hðã®pÊÐ ÄQ¯ «g3¢ƒþu]ÐSQ³!¼¯d”õ†öÆÃ•Ôl ¨ÕÍf-ÊÁXÔ F=&*sPÊ$i¨ßèá»I\ð¾¢÷øàÔ$¬k=ÞÑ#!ÒU Nó %A 0GG^ Žw@š4Úîý mÿNU0UNHU>–˜HP LaserJet 4ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(R˜½ Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX([Q$¡¡Ô€ŠÔ ˆ»¼Ôf¹ž8‰ -D.U/ 0V12V3 4D56g[8@Þ0Z7žBackup3|x6ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ<@ˆÐ9Z+Courier (ÖÃ9 Z6Times New Roman Regular%ô\  `&Times New RomanÝ ƒ[Q!ÝÔ€ŠÉ ‹XXÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÓ  Óñ6ñÑ8€ÝþXd슊d8Ññ6ñHOW€TO€DEVELOP€AND€PRESENT€A€COMPETING€NARRATIVEó óÐ ° ÐÓMÓÌBy€Larry€GibbsÌÌñ3ñÌà@™ ™ ìàò òVersion€from€the€Prosecution€Caseó óˆÐ °  ÐÌà  àOn€January€5,€Maria€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô,€an€informant€who€worked€periodically€with€agentsÏof€the€Bureau€of€Narcotics€Enforcement,€entered€a€Radio€Shack€store€in€Cupertino.€ÏÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€was€approached€by€petitioner,€an€employee€of€the€store.€Petitioner€askedÏÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€if€she€was€in€ð ðla€Ô_ÔmovidaÔ_Ô,ðð€a€term€for€the€drug€trade.€€Petitioner€then€asked€ifÏÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€was€interested€in€buying€heroin.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€said€she€might€be,€and€askedÏpetitioner€how€a€sale€could€be€arranged.€€Petitioner€gave€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€a€telephone€number€ofÏa€friend€who€petitioner€said€sold€heroin.€€Ìà  àÌñ3ññ-ñÌÌÌñ-ññ3ñÌà@  !ìàò òCompeting€Narrativeó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€prosecution€case€against€petitioner€was€based€exclusively€on€the€testimony€ofÏa€paid€informant€named€Maria€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€had€worked€as€an€informant€forÏvarious€law€enforcement€agencies€for€over€20€years.€€During€that€time,€she€participated€inÏover€100€cases.€€She€received€$4000€for€her€work€in€petitionerððs€case,€a€sum€sheÏacknowledged€was€about€the€average€she€earned€in€a€given€case.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€and€the€agentsÏfurther€admitted€that€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€would€not€have€been€paid€for€her€work€if€the€heroin€dealÏhad€not€occurred.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€appears€to€rely€on€her€informant€work€as€her€principal€sourceÏof€income.€€Her€only€other€employment€involved€a€few€monthsðð€seasonal€work€in€aÏcannery€and€intermittent€work€in€a€restaurant.€€Assuming€the€truth€of€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_ÔððsÏrepresentations,€she€has€earned€close€to€half€a€million€dollars€over€her€career€as€anÏinformant.€€ÌÌà  àÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô,€who€used€the€alias€ð ðBlanca,ðð€worked€off„and„on€as€a€paid€informant€forÏthe€Bureau€of€Narcotics€Enforcement€(hereinafter€ð ðÔ_ÔBNEÔ_Ôðð).€€€In€January,€1998,€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_ÔÏwent€into€a€Radio€Shack€to€buy€a€cellular€phone.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€wasÏapproached€by€petitioner,€who€worked€in€the€store.€€Petitioner€asked€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€where€sheÏwas€from.€€When€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€responded€that€she€was€from€Ô_ÔSinaloaÔ_Ô,€petitioner€indicated€thatÏpetitionerððs€boyfriend€also€was€from€Ô_ÔSinaloaÔ_Ô.€€òòóó€According€to€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô,€petitioner€thenÐ °'## Ðasked€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€if€she€was€in€ð ðla€Ô_ÔmovidaÔ_Ôðð€ð!ð€a€term€for€people€involved€in€selling€drugs.€€Ð  °($$ ÐÔ‡ ŠªÙ‹‹ŠÉ ÔÔ‡XÝþX‹ŠÉ Ôà@¤¤ìàÔ#†XÝþX‹ XªÙ #ÔÔ‡ ŠM’‹‹ŠÉ ÔÔ#† ŠM’‹X Xy, #ÔINTRODUCTION€(Version€1)ˆÐ ° ÐÌÓÓà  àThe€state€charged€appellant€Brandon€Groves€with€a€series€of€extremely€seriesÏcriminal€offenses.€€At€his€first€two€court€appearances,€he€was€represented€by€a€court„¼appointed€lawyer.€€At€his€next€court€appearance,€he€was€represented€by€a€different€courtÏappointed€lawyer.€€At€his€fourth€court€appearance,€he€was€represented€by€yet€anotherÏcourt€appointed€lawyer.Ìà  àThree€days€before€trial,€and€obviously€frustrated€by€the€representation€he€wasÏreceiving,€Mr.€Groves€sought€to€represent€himself.€€Although€he€made€no€motion€for€aÏcontinuance,€the€trial€court€refused€to€allow€him€to€represent€himself€and€forced€him€toÏtrial€with€a€lawyer€he€did€not€want.Ìà  àTrial€began€three€days€later.€€The€court€appointed€lawyer€had€filed€no€motions€onÏMr.€Grovesððs€behalf.€€Mr.€Groves€was€convicted.€€At€sentencing,€Mr.€Groves€tried€to€tellÏthe€court€that€he€had€received€ineffective€representation.€€When€the€court€refused€toÏallow€Mr.€Groves€to€explain€his€position€or€state€the€reasons€for€his€complaints,€Mr.ÏGroves€gamely€persisted.€€The€court€then€had€Mr.€Groves€forcibly€gagged€and€sentencedÏhim€to€59€years€in€state€prison.Ìà  àThis€appeal€follows.Ô#†ŠÉ ‹‹ ŠM’€ #ÔÐ  °$  ÐÔ‡ŠM’‹‹ŠÉ Ôà@¤¤ìàINTRODUCTION€(Version€2)ˆÐ ° ÐÓ  Óà  àThis€case€presents€a€question€which,€some€200€years€after€adoption€of€the€due€processÏclause,€one€assumes€would€have€been€settled:€€whether€the€State€may€extract€a€guilty€pleaÏfrom€a€defendant€by€withholding€access€to€necessary€medical€care.€Ìà  àAppellant,€€was€charged€with€murder€and€was€in€pretrial€custody.€€He€was€in€the€end„¼stage€of€AIDS€and€near€death.€€The€county€jail,€however,€could€not€provide€him€with€theÏmedical€attention€he€urgently€needed€to€prolong€his€life.€€The€chief€medical€officer€for€theÏjail€candidly€acknowledged€that€the€jail€ð ðhad€come€to€the€end€of€our€road€medically€inÏregards€to€what€weððre€able€to€provide€for€him.ðð€€Appellant€sought€pretrial€release€so€he€couldÏobtain€medical€care.€€But€the€court€refused€to€release€appellant€over€the€prosecutionððsÏobjection.€€The€prosecution€then€made€an€offer:€If€appellant€would€plead€guilty€to€second„¼degree€murder,€it€would€not€object€to€his€release€to€a€hospice€to€obtain€the€medical€care€heÏneeded.€€Perceiving€no€other€alternative,€appellant€agreed,€entered€the€plea€and€wasÏimmediately€released€to€the€hospice.€€Ìà  àThere,€appellant€received€adequate€medical€care€and€his€condition€improved.€€SeveralÏmonths€later,€the€prosecution€demanded€its€bargain.€€Appellant€moved€to€withdraw€his€pleaÏon€the€ground€that€it€had€been€coerced.€€The€motion€was€denied€on€the€improbable€reasoningÏthat€appellant€got€the€benefit€of€his€bargain€(adequate€medical€care)€and€now€the€PeopleÏwere€entitled€to€the€benefit€of€their€bargain€(a€life€sentence).€€Appellant€was€sentenced€to€18Ïyears€to€life€in€prison€on€his€plea.Ìà  àIt€is€difficult€to€imagine€a€plea€entered€under€more€coercive€circumstances.€€DueÐ °,(( Ðprocess€demands€that€the€judgment€be€reversed€and€appellant€be€permitted€to€withdraw€theÏplea€he€entered€only€to€save€his€own€life.ñ.ñÌÌñ.ñÌÔ#†ŠÉ ‹‹ŠM’Ü#ÔÔ‡¼©»‹ŠÉ ÔÓÓñ3ññ/ñà@= = ìàò òFive€Steps€To€Developing€A€Competing€Narrativeó óˆÐ °  ÐÌñ/ññ3ñÔ#†ŠÉ ‹»¼©Ã#Ôñ3ññ/ñ1.à0  àFind€your€legal€issue.€€(That€means€do€your€research€first.)€€ÐÖ& (#(# ÐÌ2.à0  àIdentify€the€larger€value€your€legal€issue€embodies.ÐÖ& (#(# ÐÌ3.à0  àDo€The€OððConnor€Test:€€€ð ðThis€is€a€case€about€......ððÐÖ&(#(# ÐÌ4.à0  àOutline€your€legal€argument.€ÐÖ&(#(# ÐÌ5.à0  àThen€(and€only€then),€write€your€introduction€and€statement€of€facts€from€theÐ Ö& Ðperspective€of€the€larger€value,€i.e.,€what€the€case€is€about.€€Ð (#(# ÐÌà  àA.à0 ` àThe€ordering€criterion€for€the€facts€is€not€chronology,€but€theme.ÐÖ&` (#` (# ÐÌà  àà0 ` àÔ_ÔiÔ_Ô.€€à0¸ ` (#` (#àThus,€if€the€theme€requires€you€to€begin€the€statement€of€facts€withÐ Ö& Ðmaterial€from€the€defense€case,€do€that.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà  àB.à0 ` àInclude€all€the€relevant€facts,€but€in€the€context€of€your€narrative.ÐÖ&` (#` (# ÐÌà  àC.à0 ` àCheck:€€When€the€facts€are€told,€does€the€reader€know€why€affirmingÐÖ &` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` àthe€conviction€would€be€unjust?€€Ìñ/ññ3ñÌñ3ññ4ñÐ  ° Ðñ4ñà@ìàò òTHE€TEN€COMMANDMENTS€OF€PERSUASIVE€BRIEF€WRITINGó óˆÐ ° ÐÌ1.à0  àIntroduce€your€case€as€if€you€believe€in€it€and€want€the€judges€to€believe€in€it.а (#(# ÐÌ2.€à0  àDo€not€write€the€statement€of€facts€first€„„€€before€you€know€and€have€researchedÐ °  Ðyour€issues.Ð (#(# ÐÌ3.à0  àThe€statement€of€facts€must€not€be€a€trial€chronology€(Prosecution€Case,€DefenseÐ °  ÐCase,€Rebuttal,€Jury€Deliberations,€Verdict,€Sentencing).Ð (#(# ÐÌ4.à0  àLead€with€your€strength.а(#(# ÐÌ5.à0  àÔ_ÔContextualizeÔ_Ô€bad€facts,€donððt€simply€present€them.а(#(# ÐÌ6.à0  àUse€directive€headings.а(#(# ÐÌ7.à0  àDump€all€losers,€even€if€it€means€less€compensation.а(#(# ÐÌ8.à0  àIn€drafting€a€reply,€divide€and€conquer.а(#(# ÐÌ9.à0  àMake€your€brief€look€as€least€as€good€as€an€AG€brief.а(#(# ÐÌ10.à0  àLeave€time€for€editing€and€employ€an€editing€buddy.€Ô‡¼©»‹ŠÉ Ôа(#(# ÐÔ#†ŠÉ ‹»¼©W%#Ôñ0ñÐ  ° Ðñ0ññ1ñÔ‡¼©»‹ŠÉ Ôà@= = ìàò òFive€Steps€To€Developing€A€Competing€Narrativeó óˆÐ ° ÐÌÔ#†ŠÉ ‹»¼©Ü%#Ô1.à0  àFind€your€legal€issue.€€(That€means€do€your€research€first.)€€ÐÖ&(#(# ÐÌ2.à0  àIdentify€the€larger€value€your€legal€issue€embodies.ÐÖ&(#(# ÐÌ3.à0  àDo€The€OððConnor€Test:€€€ð ðThis€is€a€case€about€......ððÐÖ &(#(# ÐÌ4.à0  àOutline€your€legal€argument.€ÐÖ &(#(# ÐÌ5.à0  àThen€(and€only€then),€write€your€introduction€and€statement€of€facts€from€theÐ Ö&  Ðperspective€of€the€larger€value,€i.e.,€what€the€case€is€about.€€Ð (#(# ÐÌà  àA.à0 ` àThe€ordering€criterion€for€the€facts€is€not€chronology,€but€theme.ÐÖ& ` (#` (# ÐÌà  àà0 ` àÔ_ÔiÔ_Ô.€€à0¸ ` (#` (#àThus,€if€the€theme€requires€you€to€begin€the€statement€of€facts€withÐ Ö& Ðmaterial€from€the€defense€case,€do€that.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà  àB.à0 ` àInclude€all€the€relevant€facts,€but€in€the€context€of€your€narrative.ÐÖ&` (#` (# ÐÌà  àC.à0 ` àCheck:€€When€the€facts€are€told,€does€the€reader€know€why€affirmingÐÖ&` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` àthe€conviction€would€be€unjust?€€Ìñ1ññ2ñÐ  Ö& Ðñ2ññ5ñÌà@™ ™ ìàò òVersion€from€the€Prosecution€Caseó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àOn€January€5,€Maria€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô,€an€informant€who€worked€periodically€with€agentsÏof€the€Bureau€of€Narcotics€Enforcement,€entered€a€Radio€Shack€store€in€Cupertino.€ÏÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€was€approached€by€petitioner,€an€employee€of€the€store.€Petitioner€askedÏÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€if€she€was€in€ð ðla€Ô_ÔmovidaÔ_Ô,ðð€a€term€for€the€drug€trade.€€Petitioner€then€asked€ifÏÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€was€interested€in€buying€heroin.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€said€she€might€be,€and€askedÏpetitioner€how€a€sale€could€be€arranged.€€Petitioner€gave€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€a€telephone€number€ofÏa€friend€who€petitioner€said€sold€heroin.€€Ìà  àÌÌà@  !ìàò òCompeting€Narrativeó óˆÐ °  ÐÌà  àThe€prosecution€case€against€petitioner€was€based€exclusively€on€the€testimony€ofÏa€paid€informant€named€Maria€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€had€worked€as€an€informant€forÏvarious€law€enforcement€agencies€for€over€20€years.€€During€that€time,€she€participated€inÏover€100€cases.€€She€received€$4000€for€her€work€in€petitionerððs€case,€a€sum€sheÏacknowledged€was€about€the€average€she€earned€in€a€given€case.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€and€the€agentsÏfurther€admitted€that€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€would€not€have€been€paid€for€her€work€if€the€heroin€dealÏhad€not€occurred.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€appears€to€rely€on€her€informant€work€as€her€principal€sourceÏof€income.€€Her€only€other€employment€involved€a€few€monthsðð€seasonal€work€in€aÏcannery€and€intermittent€work€in€a€restaurant.€€Assuming€the€truth€of€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_ÔððsÏrepresentations,€she€has€earned€close€to€half€a€million€dollars€over€her€career€as€anÏinformant.€€ÌÌà  àÔ_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô,€who€used€the€alias€ð ðBlanca,ðð€worked€off„and„on€as€a€paid€informant€forÏthe€Bureau€of€Narcotics€Enforcement€(hereinafter€ð ðÔ_ÔBNEÔ_Ôðð).€€€In€January,€1998,€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_ÔÏwent€into€a€Radio€Shack€to€buy€a€cellular€phone.€€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€wasÏapproached€by€petitioner,€who€worked€in€the€store.€€Petitioner€asked€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€where€sheÏwas€from.€€When€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€responded€that€she€was€from€Ô_ÔSinaloaÔ_Ô,€petitioner€indicated€thatÏpetitionerððs€boyfriend€also€was€from€Ô_ÔSinaloaÔ_Ô.€€òòóó€According€to€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô,€petitioner€thenÐ °# Ðasked€Ô_ÔArellanoÔ_Ô€if€she€was€in€ð ðla€Ô_ÔmovidaÔ_Ôðð€ð!ð€a€term€for€people€involved€in€selling€drugs.€€Ð  °$  ÐÔ‡ ŠªÙ‹‹ŠÉ ÔÔ‡ XªÙ‹‹ ŠªÙÔà@¤¤ìàÔ#†XÝþX‹ XªÙ7#ÔÔ‡ XyXXXÝþÔÔ#† ŠM’‹X Xyž7#ÔINTRODUCTION€(Version€1)ˆÐ ° ÐÌÓÓà  àThe€state€charged€appellant€Brandon€Groves€with€a€series€of€extremely€seriesÏcriminal€offenses.€€At€his€first€two€court€appearances,€he€was€represented€by€a€court„¼appointed€lawyer.€€At€his€next€court€appearance,€he€was€represented€by€a€different€courtÏappointed€lawyer.€€At€his€fourth€court€appearance,€he€was€represented€by€yet€anotherÏcourt€appointed€lawyer.Ìà  àThree€days€before€trial,€and€obviously€frustrated€by€the€representation€he€wasÏreceiving,€Mr.€Groves€sought€to€represent€himself.€€Although€he€made€no€motion€for€aÏcontinuance,€the€trial€court€refused€to€allow€him€to€represent€himself€and€forced€him€toÏtrial€with€a€lawyer€he€did€not€want.Ìà  àTrial€began€three€days€later.€€The€court€appointed€lawyer€had€filed€no€motions€onÏMr.€Grovesððs€behalf.€€Mr.€Groves€was€convicted.€€At€sentencing,€Mr.€Groves€tried€to€tellÏthe€court€that€he€had€received€ineffective€representation.€€When€the€court€refused€toÏallow€Mr.€Groves€to€explain€his€position€or€state€the€reasons€for€his€complaints,€Mr.ÏGroves€gamely€persisted.€€The€court€then€had€Mr.€Groves€forcibly€gagged€and€sentencedÏhim€to€59€years€in€state€prison.Ìà  àThis€appeal€follows.Ô#†ŠÉ ‹‹ ŠM’ò7#ÔÐ  °$  ÐÔ‡ŠM’‹‹ŠÉ Ôà@¤¤ìàINTRODUCTION€(Version€2)ˆÐ ° ÐÓ  Óà  àThis€case€presents€a€question€which,€some€200€years€after€adoption€of€the€due€processÏclause,€one€assumes€would€have€been€settled:€€whether€the€State€may€extract€a€guilty€pleaÏfrom€a€defendant€by€withholding€access€to€necessary€medical€care.€Ìà  àAppellant,€€was€charged€with€murder€and€was€in€pretrial€custody.€€He€was€in€the€end„¼stage€of€AIDS€and€near€death.€€The€county€jail,€however,€could€not€provide€him€with€theÏmedical€attention€he€urgently€needed€to€prolong€his€life.€€The€chief€medical€officer€for€theÏjail€candidly€acknowledged€that€the€jail€ð ðhad€come€to€the€end€of€our€road€medically€inÏregards€to€what€weððre€able€to€provide€for€him.ðð€€Appellant€sought€pretrial€release€so€he€couldÏobtain€medical€care.€€But€the€court€refused€to€release€appellant€over€the€prosecutionððsÏobjection.€€The€prosecution€then€made€an€offer:€If€appellant€would€plead€guilty€to€second„¼degree€murder,€it€would€not€object€to€his€release€to€a€hospice€to€obtain€the€medical€care€heÏneeded.€€Perceiving€no€other€alternative,€appellant€agreed,€entered€the€plea€and€wasÏimmediately€released€to€the€hospice.€€Ìà  àThere,€appellant€received€adequate€medical€care€and€his€condition€improved.€€SeveralÏmonths€later,€the€prosecution€demanded€its€bargain.€€Appellant€moved€to€withdraw€his€pleaÏon€the€ground€that€it€had€been€coerced.€€The€motion€was€denied€on€the€improbable€reasoningÏthat€appellant€got€the€benefit€of€his€bargain€(adequate€medical€care)€and€now€the€PeopleÏwere€entitled€to€the€benefit€of€their€bargain€(a€life€sentence).€€Appellant€was€sentenced€to€18Ïyears€to€life€in€prison€on€his€plea.Ð °*&& Ðà  àIt€is€difficult€to€imagine€a€plea€entered€under€more€coercive€circumstances.€€DueÏprocess€demands€that€the€judgment€be€reversed€and€appellant€be€permitted€to€withdraw€theÏplea€he€entered€only€to€save€his€own€life.ÌÌÌÔ#†ŠÉ ‹‹ŠM’N=#ÔÓÓÌñ5ñ