WPC Vd贴7%LK'LKG (e([p M߷RE!7ZEC%;\KExBPF%ڀ`فbP,}M6NBic5vІh=W]< 3͠k 1]`uqg V4g r"{,wnEVu>nQ{^DFJ YJIzwyP^=8;ex@aHFe#ׄ ]87TV4Ģ:!5ދ{m{,]}b=$#2fO)F=OE^] ,ELs9jr/R(kǣG¦̞b!LWl1 ".Bh\)E_ܡAPi.&za 9s ({&d"Lx ft۽ʑI> RKh"6v#!4UUNU % 0(UN^ w@+4k m    N 0N? M 0DWHP LaserJet 5Si,,,,0(hH  Z6Times New Roman RegularX($xhH  Z6Times New Roman Regular).8 EEDwwwN7:i+003|xUPROCEDURECHANGEPRIMABEST(O$CHANGEBEST(3$ !  PROCEDURE !  _XX  8W@XXdd8MODIFICATION   JPrimaFacieCase4 O  5  ChangeinCircumstances6O  7 ^   4 O  5  BestInterestsoftheMinor6O  7   _4 O  5  Procedure6O  7 $_   %  PRIMA%ԀFACIECASE:  Elements:(1)changeofcircumstanceornewevidencethatmayrequireachangeinpreviousorders;(2)bestinterestsoftheminorpromotedbytheproposedchangeoforder.(Inre_Daijah_ԀT.(2000)83Cal.App.4th666,672,674675[completedown   reunificationplanandsiblingsreturned,thoughnotallegeanythingspecialabouttheminorsiblingrelationship];InreKimberlyF.(1997)56Cal.App.4th519,527;Inre   AmberM.(2002)103Cal.App.4th681,685;Inre_Aljaime_ԀD.(2000)84Cal.App.4th   424,432[parentdidowncaseplanandincreasedcontactwouldbeintheminorsbestinterests];InreCliftonV.(2001)93Cal.App.4th1400,14051406#XW@X+#XXW@[denydueprocessto  denyhearingifpetitionallegesprimafaciecase];seeInreMatthewP.(1999)71  Cal.App.4th841[mustgiveparentopportunitytocrossexaminethesocialworker].)  Aprimafacieshowingreferstothosefactswhichwillsustainafavorabledecisioniftheevidencesubmittedinsupportoftheallegationbythepetitioneriscredited.(InreJosiahS.(2002)102Cal.App.4th403,418,internalquotationmarks  omitted.)#XW@X+#XXW@  Thejuvenilecourtshallsummarilydeny388petitionifitfailstoshowchangein  circumstanceornewevidencewhichmightrequirechangeinpreviousorders.(Inre  ZacharyG.(1999)77Cal.App.4th799,806808[andthatwouldbeinminorsbest  interest];Inre_Hirenia_ԀC.(1993)8Cal.App.4th504,516[mustbeinminorsbest  interests];InreJeremyW.(1992)3Cal.App.4th1407;InreHeatherP.(1989)209   Cal.App.3d886,891;Inre_Jamika_ԀW.(1997)54Cal.App.4th1446.) !   Atthejuvenilecourt,thepartyneednotshowwillprevail,onlythatthereisprobablecauseorprimafaciecase.Thejuvenilecourtshouldliberallyconstrueandcannotdenywithoutcomment.(InreMarilynH.(1993)5Cal.4th295,310;InreAngel %!! B.(2002)97Cal.App.4th454,461[ifthepetitionpresentsanyevidencethat &"" modificationmightpromotebestinterestsoftheminor,mustholdahearing];Inre '## CliftonV.(2001)93Cal.App.4th1400,1401[mustholdhearingtoresolvecredibility ($$ andfactualdisputes];InreZacharyG.(1999)77Cal.App.4th799,807[ifeveryfact )%% truewouldbeentitledtorelief];Inre_Aljaime_ԀD.(2000)84Cal.App.4th424,432[need *&& onlyshowprimafaciecaseorprobablecause];InreEdwardH.(1996)43Cal.App.4th +'' 584,593[ Aprimafacieshowingreferstothosefactswhichwillsustainafavorabledecisioniftheevidencesubmittedinsupportoftheallegationbythepetitioneriscredited.];InreJeremyW.(1992)3Cal.App.4th1407,14131414[ [A]petitionmust  beliberallyconstruedinfavorofitssufficiency[citation]andahearingmaybedeniedonlyiftheapplicationfailstorevealanychangeofcircumstancesornewevidencewhichmightrequireachangeoforder.Onlyinthislimitedcontextmaythecourtdenythepetitionexparte.[Citation.]];Inre_Jasmon_ԀO.(1994)8Cal.4th398,415[liberally   construed].)  Thecourtcanrelyondeclarationstosubstituteforevidenceorallegationsmissinginthepleading.(Inre_Daijah_ԀT.(2000)83Cal.App.4th666,674,fn.2;InreAngelB.   (2002)97Cal.App.4th454,461[consideringinformationalreadyinthecourtfile];Inre   _Hashem_ԀH.(1996)45Cal.App.4th1791,1799[consideringanunverifiedletter   submittedinsupportofthepetition].)  Thereisnotarequirementtoexerciseduediligence.(_Nickolas_ԀF.v.#XW@X㠇 #XXW@Superior  Court#XW@X#XXW@Ԁ(2006)144#XW@X0#XXW@Cal.App.4th#XW@X㠁#XXW@Ԁ92,#XW@X#XXW@109110&fn.14.)  %  CHANGE% \ԀINCIRCUMSTANCES:  Achangeincircumstancesmustbesubstantialandpermanent.(InreHeraclio  (1996)42Cal.App.4th569,577;InreRamoneR.(2005)132Cal.App.4th1339,1348  [nowoutofcustody(forinjuringtheminor)andwantingtoprovidestablehousingnotsufficient];InreEdwardH.(1996)43Cal.App.4th##Ԁ584,594;InreCaseyD.(1999)70  Cal.App.4th38[mothershowedchangingcircumstancewitheffortsaftercaseplanbutnotthatcircumstanceshaveyetchanged];InreJeremyS.(2001)89Cal.App.4th514,  521[doinggrouptwicepermonthasaconditionofprobationbutnotdoingNA/AAordrugrehabprogram;selfservingaffidavitthatdrugfreeinsufficient];butseeInre  AmberM.(2002)103Cal.App.4th681,686[noabuseofdiscretionwhenmotherclean  fortwoyearsbutforonerelapsefroma17yeardrugproblem,minorcomfortableincaretakershomefortwoyears].)  Canbebasedonnewevidence.(InreHireniaC.(1993)18Cal.App.4th504,513 ! [evenifoldinformation];InreJosiahS.(2002)102Cal.App.4th403[primafaciecase " whenallegeminorstillillinfostercaretocounterbasisofjurisdictionthatparentmademinorill];SheilaS.v.SuperiorCourt(2000)84Cal.App.4th872,877879[torescind $  reunificationservices];#XW@X#XXW@InreBrandonC.(1993)19Cal.App.4th1168,11701171 %!! [habeaspetitionallegingnewevidencetochallengejurisdictiondismissedbecausea388petitionprovidedanadequateremedyatlaw];see_Nickolas_ԀF.v.#XW@X#XXW@SuperiorCourt#XW@X-#XXW@Ԁ(2006) '## 144#XW@X}#XXW@Cal.App.4th#XW@X#XXW@Ԁ92,#XW@X/ #XXW@119[courtrescindedservicesaftersixmonthsunder387because ($$ theparentseverelyinjuredasibling];butseeInre_Aryanna_ԀC.(2005)132Cal.App.4th )%% 1234,12411243[thecourtcanterminateservicesaftersixmonthsforaminormorethansixyearsoldwithoutthefilingofapetitionformodification]#XW@Xv #XXW@.)Aparentcanchallenge +'' theoriginalbasisforjurisdictionwithnewevidenceatadependentreviewhearingwithoutnecessarilyfilinga388petition.(InreJessicaC.(2001)93Cal.App.4th1027,  10391040;BlancaP.v.SuperiorCourt(1996)45Cal.App.4th1738,17571759;seeCIn  re_Desiree_ԀB.(1992)8Cal.App.4th286,291283[collateralestoppelnotapplyto  dependencycases,atleasttocustodyissuesinjuvenilecourteventhoughtheyhavebeenlitigatedinfamilycourt].)#C%#     Canbebecauseaparentlackednoticeofearlierproceedings.(InreJusticeP.   (2004)123Cal.App.4th181,#XWXCL$#CXXW189[butcandenythepetitionifmodificationwouldnotbe   intheminorsbestinterest];_Ansley_Ԁv.SuperiorCourt(1986)185Cal.App.3d477,481,   487488.)  Arequestforpresumedfatherstatusaftertheexpirationofthereunificationperiodismadebyfilingasection388petition.(InreEricE.(2006)137Cal.App.4th   252,#XWXC'#CXXW258;#XWXC)#CXXWid.atpp.#XWXC=*#CXXWԀ260262[thus,mustshowitisintheminorsbestinterests].)#XWXC*#CXXW    Nochangeincircumstanceswhenonlyallegeproblemswiththecaretakers.(Inre  BrittanyK.(2005)127Cal.App.4th1497,#XWXC+#CXXW15061507.)  %  BEST%S,ԀINTERESTSOFTHEMINOR:  Itisnotenoughforaparenttoshowjustagenuinechangeofcircumstances  underthestatute.Theparentmustshowthattheundoingofthepriororderwouldbeinthebestinterestsofthechild.(InreKimberlyF.(1997)56Cal.App.4th519,529.)    Todeterminebestinterestsoftheminor,whenthequestionisincreasingcontactwithparent,consider:(1)seriousnessoftheproblemsleadingtodependencyandreasonsforanycontinuation;(2)strengthofthebondbetweenparentandminorandbetweenminorandfosterparent;(3)thedegreetheproblemdecreased.(InreKimberlyF.(1997)  56Cal.App.4th519,532;InreEdwardH.(1996)43Cal.App.4th584,593[musthave   specificfactswhyintheminorsbestinterests];InreAnthonyW.(2000)87Cal.App.4th ! 246,251[mustshowspecificfactshowwouldbeinminorsbestinterests;_conclusory_statementsinsufficient];_Dailah_ԀT.,supra,83Cal.App.4thatp.674675; seeInreS.M. # (2004)118Cal.App.4th1108, #XWXC,#CXXW 1120[denymodificationwhenminorseesthefoster $  parentsastheparents]; InreMichael # D.(1996)51Cal.App.4th1074[neednotshowfosterparentdeficient,onlythatinbest $  interestsofminortoincreasecontactwithparent]; Inre_Jasmon_ԀO.  (1994)8Cal.4th398, %!! 415[minorsbondwithcaretakerrelevant];  see   Inre_Jasmon_ԀO.(1994)8 %!! Cal.4th398,415[minorsbondwithcaretakerrelevant];_#XWXC1#CXXW   In_ԀreS.M.(2004)118 &"" Cal.App.4th1108,#XWXCf4#CXXWԀ1120[denymodificationwhenminorseesthefosterparentsasthe '## parents];#XWXC5#CXXWԀ butcf.Imre_Aaliyah_ԀR.(2006)136Cal.App.4th437,447[denypetitionwhen ($$ reasonfordependencywasseriousandlongterm,mothermadelittleprogressthoughmoreaware,minorbondedwithmotherbutspentmostofthelifewiththecaretakers]#XWXC5#CXXW.) *&&  +''   388petitionatpermanentplanhearingmaybesummarilydeniedunlessshowachangeofcustodytotheparentmightbeinminorsbestinterest.(InreAngelB.(2002)  97Cal.App.4th454,463,465[mothernotreadytotakeminorhomeandnevercaredforminorbefore];InreJeremyW.(1992)3Cal.App.4th1407,1416[oneofthree  declarationsisfromdoctorstatingmotherwaspresentlyabletoprovidesuitablecareforherson];Inre_Hashem_ԀH.(1996)45Cal.App.4th1791,1798[includedletterfrom   doctorsayingmothercouldadequatelycareforchildandrecommendedchangeofplacement];Inre_Aljamie_ԀD.(2000)84Cal.App.4th424,432[didowncaseplan   includingfrequentvisitation,9yearoldand1yearoldrepeatedlyasktobewithher];In   reJeromeD.(2000)84Cal.App.4th1200,12061207[9yearoldminorlivedwith   motherfor6years,hadovernightvisits,wishtolivewithmother,minornotadoptable];cf.Inre_Jamika_ԀW.(1997)54Cal.App.4th1446,14491451[stillin   residentialprogramnotachangeofcircumstance,infrequentcontact,notpresentlycapableofcaringfortheminor].)  [_S]tability_Ԁandcontinuityinachildslivingarrangementaresoimportantin  themselvesthattheremustbeapersuasiveshowingofchangedcircumstancesaffecting  thechildtoovercomethedisruptionnecessarilyinherentinanychangeofcustody.(Guardianshipof_Kassandra_ԀH.(1998)64Cal.App.4th1228,1239,emphasisin  original.) [_T]he_Ԁparamountneedforcontinuityandstabilityincustodyarrangements!andtheharmthatmayresultfromdisruptionofestablishedpatternsofcareandemotionalbondswiththeprimarycaretaker!weighheavilyinfavorofmaintainingongoingcustodyarrangements.(InreMarriageofBurgess(1996)13C#XBX77#Cal.4th#XWXXXB]@#CXXWԀ25,32  33.)  Petitiontorevivevisitsbecausetheminorwasallowedtovetothemcouldnotbelawfullydeniedbecauselackofvisitationwasnotintheminorsbestinterests.(Inre  HunterS.(2006)142#XWXC@#CXXWCal.App.4th#XWXCB#CXXWԀ1497,15061508.)  %  PROCEDURE% B:  388petitionisan escapemechanismtopermitconsiderationofparentsfitnessatthepermanentplanhearing.(Inre_Jasmon_ԀO.(1994)8Cal.4th398,415[liberally # construed];InreMarilynH.(1993)5Cal.4th295,309;InreStephanieM.(1994)7 $  Cal.App.4th295,317;InreKimberlyF.(1997)56Cal.App.4th519,526;InreBaby %!! BoyL.(1994)24Cal.App.4th596,607;InreMichaelR.(1992)5Cal.App.4th687[can &"" continuepermanentplanhearingforparenttofinishdrugprogramandfile388petition].)  Parentcannotfile388afterparentalrightswereterminated.(InreRonaldV. )%% (1993)13Cal.App.4th1803,1806.)Arelativecannotfilea388petitioninordertocontestthecourtsdecisiontoterminateparentalrights.(InreCarlR.(2005)128 +'' Cal.App.4th1051,#XWXCeB#CXXW1071.)    WithalimitedremandforICWAnotice,aparentcannotfileasection388petition.(Inre_Terrance_ԀB.(2006)144#XWXCF#CXXWCal.App.4th#XWXCG#CXXWԀ965,973974.)#XWXCAH#CXXW    Petitionerhasburdenofproofbythepreponderanceoftheevidence.(Inre  MichaelB.(1992)8Cal.App.4th1698,1086.)Butthepartyrequestingremovalhasthe   burdenofproofbyclearandconvincingevidence.(Inre_M.V._Ԁ(2006)146#XWXCH#CXXWCal.App.4th#XWXC8J#CXXW   1048,10581059;seeKimberlyR.v.SuperiorCourt(2002)96Cal.App.4th1067,1077   [holdingwasthatclearandconvincingevidenceappliestosupplementalpetitions];InreVictoriaD.(2002)100Cal.App.4th536,545[_noncustodial_   parentmaytrytoremovefromcustodialparent];InreMichaelD.(1996)51Cal.App.4th   1074,1084[holdingthataparentonlyneedprovidepreponderanceoftheevidencetoremovefromlegalguardian].);seeKimberlyR.v.SuperiorCourt(2002)96Cal.App.4th   1067,1077[holdingwasthatclearandconvincingevidenceappliestosupplementalpetitions];.)#XWXCJ#CXXW     Anoncustodialparentmayfileasection388petitiontochangethedispositionalorderandremovethechildfromthemotherinordertoplacethechildwiththefather.(InreVictoriaC.(2002)100Cal.App.4th536,543.)    Asiblingmayfileasection388petitiontoconsiderthesiblingexceptiontotheterminationofparentalrights.(InreHectorA.(2005)125Cal.App.4th783,793.)The  siblingneednotshowwillwinbutonlyaprimafaciecase. Thepetitioningsiblingneedshowonlythatthereisasufficientbondwiththeadoptivechildthatthebestinterestsofthatchildrequirefullconsiderationoftheimpactofinterferingwiththatrelationshipbeforeadecisionisreachedonthepermanencyplanning.(InreHectorA.(2005)125  Cal.App.4th783,#XWXC@N#CXXW793.)Itwasenoughthatallegedtheyenjoyedregularvisitsandthey  hadapositiverelationship.(InreHectorA.(2005)125Cal.App.4th783,#XWXCR#CXXW796.)    Standardofreview:Abuseofdiscretion.(InreHectorA.(2005)125  Cal.App.4th783,#XWXCR#CXXW798.)    Thecourtshallhold388hearingbeforethepermanencyplanhearing.Failuretogrant388hearingshallresultinreversingthepermanencyplanhearing.(InreJeremy " W.(1992)3Cal.App.4th1407,1416;seeInre_Aljaime_ԀD.(2000)84Cal.App.4th424, # 433.)  Appealability:Denialofa388petitionisappealable.(InreRonaldV.(1993)13 &"" Cal.App.4th1803,1807,fn.2;InreHarryN.(2001)93Cal.App.4th1378,1395 '## [paternalauntandunclecanappealdenialoftheir388petition],questionedin_In_ԀreCarl ($$ R.(2005)128Cal.App.4th1051,#XWXCS#CXXW1072onwhetherrelativescanfileapetitiontocontest )%% theadoptiveplacementoftheminor].) +''   Standardofreview:Reviewgrantinga388petitionforsubstantialevidence.(SheilaS.v.SuperiorCourt(2000)84Cal.App.4th872,880.)  _  Standardofreview:Reviewdenyinga388petitionforabuseofdiscretion.(Inre  StephanieM.(1994)7Cal.4th295,318319;SheilaS.v.SuperiorCourt(2000)84  Cal.App.4th872,880;InreAmberM.(2002)103Cal.App.4th681,685[denialof388   petitionwillrarelybeanabuseofdiscretion];InreAnthonyW.(2001)87Cal.App.4th   246,250[summarydenial].) Thepetitionisaddressedtothesounddiscretionofthejuvenilecourtanditsdecisionwillnotbedisturbedonappealintheabsenceofaclearabuseofdiscretion.(InreJasmonO.(1994)8Cal.4th398,415416,citationsomitted;   InreMichaelB.(1992)8Cal.App.4th1698,1704.)     Thetrialcourtsdeterminationtodenyasection388petitionwithoutahearingisreviewedforabuseofdiscretion.(InreBrittanyK.(2005)127Cal.App.4th1497,   #XWXC2W#CXXW1505.)Arguably,thesummarydenialofasection388petitionisreviewed   independently.(SeeInreJeremyW.(1992)3Cal.App.4th1407,14131414.)    Prejudicialerror:Courtserroneousdismissalofparents388petitionbasedonlackofjurisdictionharmlesswhenparentcouldnothaveprevailed.(InreVictoriaD.  (2002)100Cal.App.4th536,544.)  Remedy:Denialofcontestedsection388hearingatpermanentplanhearingrequiresreversalofthepermanentplanorderaswell.(InreCliftonV.(2001)93  Cal.App.4th1400,1406.)#XWXC\#