ÿWPCã ÔÅ»Æ;h¾ÌNx’êx…/täzgeu¨ˆ—¤ºF‚ׄnÖ†Bw÷IÕ¢¶¢ÙˆDNuàCåNVQ,*ßF)ºˆ+áFœ÷Õ‚¶€ŽwÍÖN'í…îê£³Ãæ-á¬zbBeïçÔÆÿáð&Ð]*m›‡×~žè°ÖO½”${Z*¤Yؾ |ÐË@ÍïãS}¡+”HÁhh²Õ÷ÁûÿÂZò ©ìÀðF}±4¯¯†díÔ301wD¼8‚Xff_±°>Æ Å4FàRV ZfÑq†¼5|³Á¡Œ H;[µÀ“‰£©²aý1©iÝúZhéW~ ÛKüÑ*¨S_P¡™zòΛ¶ÃJf¦œíιyKbp3”…»ÎLžH:yè©xj*§xïµÆ¶‚GDxîïµüZt­¾¦Æ åµ$'kž•*r ?[„ÍØnc#ö˜’IJŽÈ¿l‹•WܳŽ]†áäüÕs54³•œ‡2aëì-ÆýÊ«$"!çÑ{Vû}¥"@‡¸ŒùVüØ|)‡+À{šØ¹ü“ˆ¥Ãù´â°5%ëÀ6 Á/°œüÃß´1ëºÌÙ¬SîµÇÂÆ­8= Ɖ¼p»¢—Ø`P´`Žž&ü– 6äQ,T#!˜UN¹ % 04 U NA^ w@›4Ûïþ m 1_ 1uv 0"cëëëN VN\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ^^^g|˜HP LaserJet 5Si,ä,,,,,ä0)a0® Z‹6Times New Roman Regular‹( ¤U$¡¡Ó  Ó) £  Z6Times New Roman Regularà½3/ä + U, U- D. D/ U0 U1 U2 U3 U4 Uvî.Ž.­eBackup3|x4  ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ3ï$37;?CGKOS°°-*+x3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à HSRoybalCases ]Ý ƒ¤U!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòPeopleóó€v.€òòRoybalóó€(1998)€19€Cal.4th€481Ý ƒ¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ8€8‹ddÈ8ÑÔ€XwüX‹‹Ôà@A A ìàò òINVESTIGATION€AND€PRESENTATION€OF€HABEASˆÐ ° Ðà@‘ ‘ ìàCLAIMS€IN€THE€STATE€APPELLATE€COURTˆÌÌñ ñó óñ ñBy:€Paul€Couenhovenñ ñò òñ ñÐ €Ð Ðó óÌà  àPanel€attorneys€generally€call€themselves€appellate€attorneys.€€Panel€attorneys€work€withÏprograms€which€all€have€the€word€ð ðappellateðð€in€their€titles.€€The€meat€and€potatoes€(or€tofu€andÏbroccoli€for€vegetarians)€of€the€work€is€reading€the€appellate€record,€spotting€appellate€issues,€doingÏlegal€research€and€writing€appellate€arguments.Ìñ" ñÌñ" ñà  àHowever,€this€familiar€process€assumes€that€everything€is€out€in€the€open.€€Nothing€is€hidden.€ÏEverything€important€was€said€on€the€record.€€Nothing€which€affected€the€fairness€of€the€proceedingsÏhas€been€left€out€of€the€record.€€Trial€counsel€made€all€appropriate€motions€and€objections.€€We€knowÏthat€isnððt€always€so.€€Because€the€process€and€the€players€are€imperfect,€the€record€on€appeal€doesÏnot€always€tell€the€whole€story.€€What€if€the€defendant€was€hallucinating€during€the€trial?€€What€ifÏtrial€counsel€was€going€to€Reno€every€night€during€trial,€sleeping€during€portions€of€the€trial€andÏsnorting€cocaine€to€stay€awake?€€What€if€defendant€was€visibly€shackled€but€no€one€mentioned€it€onÏthe€record?€€What€if€counsel€gave€defendant€patently€incorrect€advice€about€whether€to€accept€orÏreject€a€plea€offer?€€What€if€counsel€knew€defendant€had€a€brain€injury€but€did€nothing€to€investigateÏit?€€Such€events€happen€all€too€frequently€but€there€may€be€no€reference€or€only€passing€referenceÏin€the€record,€insufficient€to€argue€the€issue€on€appeal.Ìñ# ñÌñ# ñà  àThese€situations€require€investigation.€€If€the€investigation€leads€one€to€conclude€somethingÏhappened€which€affected€the€fairness€of€the€trial,€the€proper€avenue€for€raising€the€issue€is€a€habeasÏcorpus€petition,€which€allows€you€to€bring€documents€and€declarations€before€the€court€which€areÏnot€part€of€the€record€on€appeal€as€a€basis€to€argue€for€reversal.Ìñ$ ñÌñ$ ñà  àThis€article€examines€the€landscape€of€habeas€corpus€work€in€the€state€court,€with€anÏemphasis€on€practical€aspects€of€this€work.€€What€kinds€of€things€should€alert€you€to€consider€aÏhabeas€petition?€€How€do€you€go€about€checking€into€a€possible€habeas€claim?€€How€do€you€prepareÏa€petition€so€it€has€a€likely€chance€of€success?€€These€are€the€questions€addressed€here.€Some€samplesÏare€included.ÌÌò òI.€NO€FISHING€EXPEDITIONS,€BUT€WHAT€IF€SOMETHING€SMELLS€FISHY?ó óÐ  #ð! ÐÌà  àAccording€to€the€California€Supreme€Court,€ð ðappointed€counsel€in€noncapital€appeals€do€notÏhave€an€obligation€to€investigate€possible€bases€for€collateral€attack€on€the€judgment.ðð€€(òòIn€re€ClarkóóÐ p&À!$ Ð(1993)€5€Cal.4th€750,€783,€fn.€20.)€€However,€if€attorneys€become€ð ðaware€of€a€basis€for€collateralÏreliefðð€while€pursuing€an€appeal,€ð ðthey€have€an€ethical€obligation€to€advise€their€client€of€the€courseÏto€follow€to€obtain€relief,€or€to€take€other€appropriate€action.ðð€€(òòIbidóó.)Ð @)$' Ðñ% ñÌñ% ñà  àWhat€does€this€mean?€€You€have€no€obligation€to€go€on€fishing€expeditions.€€That€is,€you€doÏnot€have€an€obligation€to€go€looking€for€habeas€issues€you€have€no€idea€potentially€exist.€€You€areÐ ,`'* Ðnot€obliged€to€locate€and€call€up€jurors,€trying€to€discover€if€there€is€a€basis€for€a€juror€misconductÏclaim.€€You€are€not€obliged€to€contact€everyone€who€testified€for€the€prosecution€at€trial€to€see€if€theyÏwill€recant€or€admit€to€perjury.€€However,€while€engaged€in€the€appeal€process€many€timesÏsomething€will€smell€fishy.€€Something€happens€at€trial€which€to€you€seems€outrageous€but€counselÏdoes€not€object.€€There€is€a€passing€reference€in€the€record€to€something€important€(a€shackledÏdefendant),€but€nowhere€in€the€record€is€there€any€discussion€or€argument€about€the€issue.€€YourÏclient€tells€you€there€were€five€people€who€saw€someone€else€shoot€the€victim,€but€none€of€themÏtestified€at€trial.€€Your€client€tells€you€s/he€pled€no€contest€only€to€avoid€a€life€sentence,€and€you€seeÏnothing€in€the€record€which€suggests€the€possibility€of€a€life€sentence.€€Under€any€of€theseÏcircumstances,€you€have€become€ð ðaware€of€a€basis€for€collateral€relief,ðð€and€you€have€an€ethicalÏobligation€to€do€something€about€it.€€According€to€the€Supreme€Court,€you€can€either€tell€your€clientÏwhat€to€do€about€it,€or€ð ðtake€other€appropriate€action.ðð€€Ìñ& ñÌñ& ñà  àWhichever€way€you€choose€to€go,€you€need€to€investigate€the€possible€basis€of€collateralÏrelief.€€It€is€difficult€to€advise€the€client€€what€course€s/he€could€take€without€knowing€all€the€facts.€ÏYour€investigation€might€show€there€is€no€issue€which€could€result€in€a€reversal.€€On€the€other€hand,Ïyour€investigation€might€uncover€facts€which€are€essential€to€advising€your€client€what€course€to€takeÏor€to€taking€other€appropriate€action.Ìñ' ñÌñ' ñà  àIn€most€cases€merely€advising€your€client€what€course€to€take€is€to€guarantee€that€nothing€willÏcome€of€the€potential€issue.€€Our€clients€are€generally€incapable€of€adequately€preparing€a€habeasÏpetition€and€adequately€supporting€them€with€declarations€and€other€documents.€€This€is€particularlyÏtrue€of€the€increasing€numbers€of€clients€for€whom€English€is€not€their€primary€language.€€€If€youÏadvise€your€client€how€to€investigate€a€potential€habeas€claim€and€how€to€present€that€claim€byÏpreparing€a€habeas€petition,€suspecting€that€your€client€is€incapable€of€doing€the€job€correctly,€itððsÏdifficult€to€say€you€have€fulfilled€your€ethical€obligation.Ìñ( ñÌñ( ñà  àTherefore,€in€almost€every€case€your€ethical€obligation€will€be€to€ð ðtake€other€appropriateÏaction.ðð€€This€means€that€if€after€investigation€you€determine€there€are€possible€bases€for€collateralÏrelief,€you€should€prepare€a€habeas€petition€and€support€it€with€a€declaration€or€other€documents.Ìñ) ñÌñ) ñà  àHowever,€if€after€investigating€you€determine€there€is€a€possible€basis€for€collateral€relief€butÏbelieve€pursuing€it€would€be€detrimental€to€your€clientððs€interests,€you€have€no€ethical€obligationÏunder€òòClarkóó€to€prepare€and€file€a€habeas€petition.€€The€classic€example€is€where€there€is€a€basis€toÐ  #ð! Ðchallenge€the€validity€of€a€plea,€but€you€conclude€it€would€be€a€bad€idea€to€do€so€because€the€pleaÏbargain€was€very€favorable,€and€pursuing€the€case€carries€a€high€risk€of€conviction€and€a€much€longerÏsentence.€€On€appeal,€if€the€client€insists€on€going€forward€even€after€you€advise€them€there€areÏnegative€consequences€(e.g.,€an€unlawful€sentence€in€the€clientððs€favor),€you€are€obligated€to€pursueÏthe€appeal.€€The€same€is€not€true€as€to€habeas€petitions.€€Under€òòClarkóó,€your€ethical€obligation€isÐ P( #& Ðfulfilled€if€you€advise€your€client€ð ðof€the€course€to€follow€to€obtain€relief.ðð€€If€they€want€to€shootÏthemselves€in€the€head,€so€be€it.€€On€a€collateral€attack,€you€are€not€obligated€to€file€a€habeas€petitionÏif€you€think€it€is€a€bad€idea€to€do€so,€even€if€the€client€insists.ÌÐ ,`'* Ðò òII.€€DISCUSS€POTENTIAL€HABEAS€ISSUES€WITH€CO„COUNSELó óÐ ° ÐÌà  àOne€of€the€first€things€you€should€do€when€you€become€aware€of€a€potential€habeas€issue€isÏcall€the€SDAP€staff€attorney€assigned€to€your€case€and€discuss€the€matter.€€Donððt€forget,€unless€aÏconflict€has€been€declared€we€are€co„counsel€on€the€case.€€You€do€not€undertake€a€major€newÏendeavor€in€a€case€without€discussing€the€matter€with€co„counsel.€€Furthermore,€our€agreement€withÏthe€Sixth€District€Court€of€Appeal€is€that€panel€attorneys€must€consult€with€a€SDAP€staff€attorneyÏbefore€filing€any€habeas€petition.€€Not€so€long€ago,€you€would€not€be€compensated€at€all€for€filingÏa€habeas€petition€unless€you€first€applied€to€the€court€to€expand€your€appointment,€and€theÏapplication€was€granted.€€This€has€changed.€€You€do€not€need€prior€permission€from€the€court€toÏguarantee€some€compensation€for€preparing€a€habeas€petition.€€However,€you€should€call€the€SDAPÏstaff€attorney€to€discuss€the€matter.€€If€you€donððt,€there€is€the€risk€the€staff€attorney€might€decide€theÏhabeas€petition€is€frivolous,€and€recommend€no€payment.Ìò òÌIII.€€DEVELOP€A€NOSE€FOR€FISHY€SMELLSó óÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€start€of€any€habeas€investigation€is€becoming€ð ðaware€of€a€basis€for€collateral€relief,ðð€thatÏis,€spotting€a€potentially€meritorious€issue€which€cannot€be€raised€on€appeal.€€This€is€often€similarÏto€issue€spotting€when€you€read€the€record.€€Many€habeas€issues€in€non„capital€cases€originate€withÏthe€record.€€Other€issue€sources€are€the€client,€the€clientððs€family,€or€even€trial€counsel.Ìñ* ñÌñ* ñà  àMany€issues€on€appeal€are€apparent.€€Counsel€objects€but€is€overruled.€€Counsel€files€aÏmotion€which€is€denied.€€Other€appellate€issues€are€more€subtle.€€Take€jury€instructions.€€The€judgeÏmay€have€failed€to€give€an€essential€instruction,€or€may€have€misinstructed€on€an€element,€or€givenÏan€instruction€which€is€an€impermissible€conclusive€presumption.€€Such€appellate€issues€are€notÏalways€readily€apparent.€€They€require€some€background€knowledge€and€a€keen€eye€for€issues.€ÏHabeas€issues€are€like€these.€€They€usually€will€not€jump€out€at€you€like€an€overruled€objection€orÏa€denied€motion.€€Just€like€when€you€investigate€jury€instructional€errors,€you€should€be€on€theÏlookout€for€possible€bases€of€collateral€relief.ÌÌò òà  àA.à0 ` àHabeas€Issues€Arising€From€The€Record.ó óÐÐ ` (#` (# ÐÌà  àWhen€you€review€the€record,€you€should€be€alert€for€possible€bases€for€collateral€attack€onÏthe€judgment.€€In€some€cases€a€collateral€attack€may€be€essential€to€preserving€an€issue€you€raise€onÏappeal.€€The€most€frequent€basis€for€collateral€attack€you€will€spot€from€reading€the€record€is€a€claimÏof€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.ÌÌà0  à1.à0` (#(#àThe€most€common€situation€where€you€may€have€to€file€a€habeas€is€when€you€argueÐ `'°"% Ðan€issue€on€appeal€which€is€waived€for€failing€to€object.€€You€argue€there€wasÏinadmissible€and€prejudicial€evidence€admitted€at€trial.€€Counsel€never€objected€toÏthe€evidence,€or€failed€to€make€the€right€objection.€€You€argue€there€was€outrageousÏprosecutorial€misconduct.€€Counsel€never€objected.€€You€argue€there€was€sentencingÏerror.€€Counsel€never€objected.€€Under€any€of€these€situations,€the€issue€is€ordinarilyÐ ,`'* Ðwaived€on€appeal.€€(Evid.€Code,€ðð€353,€subd.€(a);€òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔGarceauÔ_Ôóó€(1993)€6€Cal.4thÐ ° Ð140,€179€[failure€to€object€to€evidence€on€basis€argued€on€appeal€waives€the€issue];Ð  ð ÐòòPeople€v.€Greenóó€(1980)€27€Cal.3d€1,€27„29€[prosecutorial€misconduct€claims€areÐ à Ðwaived€if€there€was€no€objection];€òòPeople€v.€Scottóó€(1994)€9€Cal.4th€331,€353€[mostÐ €Ð Ðsentencing€issues€are€waived€for€failure€to€object].)€€Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àYou€can€still€argue€the€issue€on€direct€appeal.€€You€can€argue€the€failure€to€objectÏwas€excused€because€it€would€have€been€futile€to€object.€€(See€òòPeopleóó€òòv.óó€òòWelchóó€(199)Ð @  Ð5€Cal.4th€228,€237;€òòPeopleóó€òòv.óó€òòÔ_ÔPittsÔ_Ôóó€(1990)€223€Cal.App.3d€606,€692.)€€You€can€argueÐ 0 € Ðon€direct€appeal€that€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to€object.€€However,€thisÏcontention€will€usually€be€rejected.€€ð ððð[Ô% € ÔÔ_ÔU]nlessÔ_Ô€there€simply€could€be€no€satisfactoryÏexplanation€[for€counsel's€failure€to€act],ðð€the€claim€on€appeal€must€be€rejected.ðð€Ï(òòPeopleóó€òòv.óó€òòMendoza€Telloóó€(1997)€15€Cal.4th€264,€266.)€€The€Attorney€General€andÐ ð@  Ðthe€appellate€courts€have€an€amazing€ability€to€dream€up€the€most€absurd€reasonsÏwhy€counsel€tactically€chose€not€to€object€to€obviously€prejudicial€matters.€€Usually,Ïyou€should€bolster€your€appellate€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€with€aÏhabeas€petition€which€includes€a€declaration€from€trial€counsel€either€stating€s/he€hadÏno€tactical€reason€for€failing€to€object€or€giving€a€reason€which€you€can€demonstrateÏwas€not€reasonable.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  à2.à0` (#(#àAnother€situation€where€the€record€on€appeal€€may€suggest€the€need€for€a€habeas€isÐ pÀ Ðwhere€an€issue€is€potentially€waived€because€it€is€subject€to€a€due€diligenceÏrequirement.€€Continuance€motions€and€new€trial€motions€based€on€newly€discoveredÏevidence€are€both€subject€to€a€due€diligence€requirement.€€(Ô‡ˆÌeˆXXwüÔòòÔ €P ÔPeople€v.€Ô_ÔRoybalÔ_Ôóó€(1998)Ð @ Ð19€Cal.4th€481,€504Ô#†XwüXˆˆÌeC2#Ô€[continuance€to€obtain€testimony€from€a€witness€requiresÐ D” Ðshowing€of€due€diligence];€Penal€Code€section€1181,€subd.€(8)€[new€trial€based€onÏnewly€discovered€evidence€requires€showing€of€reasonable€diligence].)€€If€you€fearÏthe€appellate€court€might€reject€your€claim€on€the€basis€counsel€did€not€exercise€dueÏdiligence,€you€should€file€a€habeas€petition€supported€by€a€declaration€from€counsel.€Ïð ðIn€many€cases€[]€proof€of€counsel's€lack€of€diligence€to€discover€evidence€willÏdemonstrate€that€counsel€was€constitutionally€inadequate.ðð€€(òòPeople€v.€MartinezóóÐ ø H Ð(1984)€36€Cal.3d€816,€825.)Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  à3.à0` (#(#àWhen€your€review€of€the€record€shows€a€defendant€admitted€ð ðstrikeðð€priors€whichÐ È#! Ðrequire€evidence€of€facts€beyond€the€mere€fact€of€conviction,€you€should€obtainÏdocuments€from€the€record€of€the€prior€to€determine€whether€there€was€sufficientÏevidence€to€prove€the€required€facts.€The€most€common€examples€involve€personalÏuse€of€a€deadly€weapon€or€personal€infliction€of€great€bodily€injury,€factors€whichÏmake€any€prior€conviction€a€strike.€€(See€Pen.€Code,€ðð€1192.7,€subds.€(c)(8)€andÏ(c)(23)€.)€€If€the€prior€conviction€is€for€assault€with€a€deadly€weapon€or€battery€withÏserious€bodily€injury€and€there€was€no€enhancement€for€personal€use€of€a€weapon€orÏpersonal€infliction€of€great€bodily€injury,€the€ð ðstrikeðð€prior€may€not€be€valid.€€SuchÐ H+˜&) Ðconvictions€may€be€based€on€aiding€and€abetting€liability,€where€there€was€noÏpersonal€use€of€a€weapon€or€personal€infliction€of€injury.€(See€òòPeople€v.€RodriguezóóÐ  ð Ð(1998)€17€Cal.4th€253,€261„262€[Ô_ÔADWÔ_Ô€conviction€qualifies€as€strike€only€if€entireÏrecord€of€conviction€proves€personal€use€of€deadly€weapon€or€personal€infliction€ofÏgreat€bodily€injury].)€€If€counsel€advised€the€defendant€to€admit€priors€which€couldÏnot€have€been€proven,€s/he€provided€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€(See€òòPeopleÐ ` ° Ðv.€Ô_ÔPlagerÔ_Ôóó€(1987)€196€Cal.App.3d€1537.)ÐP  ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  à4.à0` (#(#àSometimes€the€judge€or€defense€counsel€will€tell€a€pleading€defendant€on€the€recordÐ 0 € Ðthat€his€or€her€sentencing€exposure€is€a€number€which€your€research€shows€isÏincorrect.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòÔ‡XwüXXXwüÔPeople€v.€Johnsonóó€(1995)€36€Cal.App.4th€1351Ô#†XwüXXXwüi<#Ô€[pleadingÐ `  Ðdefendant€told€he€faced€€38.8€years€when€his€actual€sentence€exposure€was€27];ÏòòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔHuynhÔ_Ôóó€(1991)€229€Cal.App.3d€1067€[defendant€who€waives€jury€is€told€heÐ ð@  Ðwould€be€eligible€for€parole€in€7€years€for€second€degree€murder;€under€law€had€toÏserve€minimum€of€15€years].)€€Or€the€district€attorney€offers€to€dismiss€a€prior€or€anÏenhancement€which€could€not€have€been€proven.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòÔ‡XwüXXXwüÔPeople€v.€Ô_ÔMcCaryÔ_ÔóóÐ À Ð(1985)€166€Cal.App.3d€1€Ô#†XwüXXXwü»>#Ô[district€attorney€offers€to€dismiss€serious€felony€prior€asÐ ° Ðpart€of€plea€bargain€where€current€offense€committed€before€Pen.€Code,€ðð€667€wasÏenacted].)€€Sometimes€the€issue€can€be€argued€on€direct€appeal.€€In€most€cases,Ïhowever,€you€will€have€to€pursue€a€habeas€to€prove€prejudice:€€the€defendant€wouldÏhave€never€entered€a€plea€had€s/he€been€correctly€advised.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  à5.à0` (#(#àOn€reading€the€record,€you€may€wonder€why€trial€counsel€failed€to€bring€aÐ P  Ðsuppression€motion,€or€some€other€motion€which€would€have€resulted€in€a€dismissalÏ(e.g.,€statute€of€limitations,€double€jeopardy).€€It€used€to€be€you€could€make€anÏargument€on€direct€appeal€that€an€attorney€who€fails€to€pursue€a€meritoriousÏsuppression€motion€provided€ineffective€assistance.€€(òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔCamilleriÔ_Ôóó€(1990)€220Ð ` ÐCal.App.3d€1199,€1203€[appeal€available€for€failure€to€bring€suppression€motion];ÏòòPeople€v.€Farleyóó€(1979)€90€Cal.App.3d€851,€868€[conviction€reversed€for€failure€"toÐ ð@ Ðmake€the€appropriate€suppression-of-evidence€motions"].)€€After€òòPeople€v.€MendozaÐ à0 ÐTelloóó,€òòsupraóó,€15€Cal.4th€at€p.€266,€it€will€be€a€rare€case€where€such€an€argument€canÐ Ð  Ðbe€won€on€direct€appeal.€€A€habeas€petition€will€usually€have€to€be€pursued€to€showÏthat€counsel€had€no€good€tactical€reason€for€the€omission.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  à6.à0` (#(#àThere€may€be€some€mention€in€the€record€of€an€event€which€raises€red€flags.€€HereÐ $à" Ðare€some€examples,€which€are€hardly€exhaustive:Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌÓL€ ï$33LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£TFÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝThe€judge€advises€jurors€not€to€draw€any€adverse€inference€from€a€defendantÐ `'°"% Ðin€shackles,€but€there€was€never€any€discussion€of€the€need€for€shackling€andÏnone€is€apparent€in€the€record.€€You€should€determine€whether€the€issue€wasÏever€litigated€and€if€not,€why€not.€€If€you€determine€there€was€no€good€reasonÏto€shackle€the€defendant,€a€habeas€petition€will€be€necessary€to€raise€the€issueÏsince€the€record€on€appeal€will€not€be€adequate€to€do€so.݃3£TFŸFÝŒÐ,`'*¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£IÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝThe€defense€is€alibi€and€mistaken€cross„racial€identification,€but€defenseÐ  ð Ðcounsel€calls€no€alibi€witnesses€other€than€defendant€and€offers€noÏidentification€expert.€€This€bears€investigation.€€(See€e.g.,€òòRose€v.€SuperiorÐ €Ð ÐCourt€(People)óó€(2000)€81€Cal.App.4th€564€[among€other€failings,€failure€toÐ pÀ Ðproduce€identification€expert€might€constitute€ineffective€assistance€ofÏcounsel]€.)݃3£IOI݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£˜KÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝDefendant€testifies€s/he€drank€massive€quantities€of€alcohol€and€consumedÐ 0 € Ðdrugs€before€the€offense,€and€the€record€reflects€a€blood€sample€was€takenÏfrom€defendant€upon€his€arrest.€€Counsel€presents€an€intoxication€defense€yetÏthere€is€no€testimony€about€the€blood€alcohol€level€or€presence€of€drugs€inÏdefendantððs€blood€sample.€€One€should€investigate€whether€counsel€had€theÏblood€sample€tested€and€if€not,€why€not.€€(See€òòIn€re€Ô_ÔSixtoÔ_Ôóó€(1989)€48€Cal.3dÐ à0  Ð1247€[failure€to€investigate€blood€alcohol€level€and€PCP€usage€€to€presentÏdiminished€capacity€defense,€which€was€still€available€at€that€time].)݃3£˜KãK݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£OÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝYour€client€is€pro€per€and€argues€s/he€is€being€denied€his€law€libraryÐ  ð Ðprivileges€and€cannot€prepare€for€trial.€€The€courtroom€deputy€responds€thisÏisnððt€true,€and€the€court€does€nothing.€€You€should€investigate€whether€theÏclientððs€contention€is€true€by€obtaining€the€law€library€logs€from€the€jail.݃3£O_O݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌò òà  àB.à0 ` àThe€client.ó ó€€ÐP ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  àThe€client€is€another€obvious€source€of€possible€bases€for€collateral€attack.€€For€example:€Ð (#(# ÐÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà  àà ` àÝ‚3£üQÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0 ¸ àÝ  ÝThe€client€might€tell€you€his€attorney€told€him€to€plead€to€avoid€a€lifeÐ ` Ðsentence,€where€you€can€discern€no€possibility€of€a€life€sentence.€€Ýƒ3£üQ?R݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà  àà ` àÝ‚3£aSÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0 ¸ àÝ  ÝThe€client€might€tell€you€s/he€was€shackled€and€the€jury€could€see€theÐ ð@ Ðshackles,€and€you€can€discern€no€reason€why€shackling€was€required.€Ýƒ3£aS¤S݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà  àà ` àÝ‚3£ÅTÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0 ¸ àÝ  ÝYour€client€might€complain€s/he€told€the€lawyer€about€numerous€witnessesÐ À! Ðto€the€crime€or€to€an€alibi,€and€the€lawyer€did€not€contact€any€of€them.€€Ýƒ3£ÅTU݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà  àà ` àÝ‚3£1VÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0 ¸ àÝ  ÝThe€client€might€allege€counsel€told€him€or€her€if€s/he€plead,€it€would€notÐ $à" Ðcount€as€a€future€strike,€but€you€know€it€does.€€Ýƒ3£1VtV݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àA€clientððs€family€might€be€the€source€of€similar€information.€€If€the€client€tells€you€somethingÏwhich,€if€true,€would€provide€a€basis€for€collaterally€attacking€the€judgment,€you€should€investigate.ÌÌò òà  àC.à0 ` àThe€attorney.ó ó€€Ð0*€%(` (#` (# Ðâ âÐ  +p&) Ðà  àFinally,€the€attorney€might€also€reveal€something€which€suggests€a€possible€basis€forÏâ âcollateral€attack.ÌÌò òIV.à0  àDETERMINE€WHETHER€A€DEAD€FISH€IS€CAUSING€THE€ODORó óЀÐ(#(# ÐÌà  àWhether€you€are€going€to€advise€your€client€what€to€do€or€file€a€habeas€petition€yourself,€youÏmust€investigate€to€determine€whether€there€is€a€valid€basis€for€seeking€collateral€relief€in€a€habeasÏpetition.€€There€are€two€basic€ways€of€determining€whether€a€possible€claim€has€merit:€talking€withÏpeople€and€obtaining€documents.€€€Remember€that€whereas€an€appeal€is€"limited€to€the€four€cornersÏof€the€[underlying]€record€on€appeal€...."€(òòIn€re€Carpenteróó€(1995)€9€Cal.4th€634,€646),€habeas€corpusÐ  p  Ðis€not.€€(See,€e.g.,€òòPeople€v.€Popeóó€(1979)€23€Cal.3d€412,€426-427,€fn.€17.)€€In€a€habeas€petition€youÐ `  Ðcan€bring€to€the€courtððs€attention€matters€outside€the€record€on€appeal€which€have€a€bearing€on€theÏquestion€whether€your€client€received€a€fair€trial.ÌÌò òà  àA.à0 ` àCommunicate€With€Trial€Counsel.ÐÐ ` (#` (# Ðó óÌà  àMost€habeas€claims€will€involve€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€If€there€is€any€possibilityÏof€an€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim,€you€must€communicate€with€trial€counsel.€€AnÏineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim€based€on€failing€to€object€to€something€at€trial€requires€aÏshowing€counsel€had€no€informed€tactical€reason€for€that€omission.€€(òòPeople€v.€Popeóó,€òòsupraóó,€23Ð €Ð ÐCal.3d€at€p.€425.)€€Habeas€corpus€provides€the€opportunity€for€counsel€ð ðto€explain€the€reasons€forÏhis€or€her€conduct.ðð€€(òòPeople€v.€Wilsonóó€(1992)€3€Cal.4th€926,€936.)€€"Having€afforded€the€trialÐ `° Ðattorney€an€opportunity€to€explain,€courts€are€in€a€position€to€intelligently€evaluate€whether€counsel'sÏacts€or€omissions€were€within€the€range€of€reasonable€competence."€(òòPeople€v.€Popeóó,€òòsupraóó,€at€p.Ð @ Ð426.)€€Ìñ+ ñÌñ+ ñà  àTrial€counsel€must€also€be€asked€about€any€other€suspected€basis€for€a€claim€of€ineffectiveÏassistance:€€why€no€suppression€motion?€€Why€no€identification€expert?€€Why€no€alibi€witnesses?€ÏWhatever€you€are€investigating,€trial€counsel€should€be€asked€about€it.ÌÌò òà  àB.à0 ` àObtain€Trial€Counselððs€FileÐÐ ` (#` (# Ðó óÌà  àIn€addition€to€speaking€with€trial€counsel€about€his€or€her€reasons€for€certain€acts€orÏomissions€at€trial,€you€should€obtain€trial€counselððs€file€in€the€case.€€Documents€in€the€file€might€castÏlight€on€your€belief€that€counsel€provided€ineffective€assistance€and€had€no€informed€tactical€reasonÏfor€decisions€made.€€The€important€parts€of€trial€counselððs€file€are€the€documents€which€are€òònotóó€partÐ €%Ð # Ðof€the€record€on€appeal:€police€reports,€interviews€with€the€client,€investigation€requests,€reportsÏconcerning€possible€witnesses,€documents€pertaining€to€a€prior,€an€attorneyððs€notes€about€the€case.€ÏA€review€of€these€documents€might€help€you€determine€whether€counsel€had€a€basis€for€not€pursuingÏa€suppression€motion,€or€whether€counsel€investigated€possible€defenses,€interviewed€potentialÏwitnesses€or€checked€the€validity€of€priors.Ìâ âñ, ñÐ  +p&) Ðñ, ñà  àTrial€counsel€has€a€continuing€duty€to€the€client,€which€includes€the€duty€of€cooperating€withÏâ âappellate€counsel.€€(See€State€Bar€of€California€Standing€Committee€on€Professional€ResponsibilityÏand€Conduct€Formal€Opinion€No.€1992„127.)€€Most€trial€attorneys€will€willingly€provide€a€copy€ofÏtheir€file€and€answer€questions€about€their€conduct€in€the€case,€though€some€might€need€repeatedÏprompting,€or€may€request€a€release€from€the€client€(a€sample€release€is€included€with€theseÏmaterials).€€If€trial€counsel€will€not€provide€the€file€or€return€phone€calls€after€repeated€attempts,€youÏshould€file€a€complaint€with€the€State€Bar.€€Most€attorneys€will€call€you€back€if€they€receive€a€phoneÏcall€from€a€State€Bar€investigator€concerning€their€lack€of€cooperation.€€Ìñ- ñÌÌÌñ- ñÌà  àò òC.à0 ` àObtain€Other€Recordsó óÐ p ` (#` (# ÐÌà  àBesides€trial€counselððs€file,€other€documents€which€might€be€essential€to€determining€whetherÏa€potential€habeas€issue€has€merit€include:ÌÌà0  à1.à0` (#(#àRecords€from€a€prior€case,€especially€to€determine€the€validity€of€an€admitted€ð ðstrikeððÐ Ð  Ðprior€which€is€based€on€a€claim€of€personal€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€or€personalÏinfliction€of€great€bodily€injury.€€If€the€prior€is€from€the€Sixth€District,€you€can€callÏthe€SDAP€staff€attorney€assigned€to€your€case€and€ask€that€our€paralegal€obtain€theÏrecord€for€you.€€If€the€record€is€from€some€other€county,€call€the€county€clerkððs€officeÏand€request€the€pertinent€documents.€€You€need€to€obtain€the€charging€document,€theÏminutes€of€any€plea,€the€abstract€of€judgment,€the€probation€report€and€theÏpreliminary€hearing€transcript€to€determine€whether€there€would€have€been€a€factualÏbasis€to€prove€the€prior.€€(See€òòPeople€v.€Rodriguez,€supraóó,€17€Cal.4th€at€pp.€261„262;Ð P  ÐòòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔGuerreroÔ_Ôóó€(1988)€44€Cal.3d€343,€355-356€€[entire€record€of€conviction€mayÐ @ Ðbe€used€to€prove€elements€of€prior].)Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  à2.à0` (#(#àRecords€from€a€third€party,€such€as€a€jail,€prison,€parole€office€or€a€health€provider.€Ð ` ÐÐ ` (#` (# ÐÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£±nÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝParole€records€may€be€relevant€to€a€claim€the€client€was€unlawfully€deniedÐ à0 Ðcredits€based€on€a€parole€violation.€€Ýƒ3£±nün݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£ pÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝHealth€records€could€be€relevant€to€a€claim€counsel€provided€ineffectiveÐ °"  Ðassistance€by€failing€to€present€a€mental€defense€or€by€failing€to€presentÏmitigating€evidence€at€sentencing.€€Ýƒ3£ pVp݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àÝ‚3£¬qÝÔ2ï$ÔððÔ3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝIf€you€have€a€òòpro€peróó€defendant,€jail€records€could€be€relevant€to€a€claim€yourÐ p&À!$ Ðclient€was€denied€adequate€access€to€the€law€library€to€present€his€or€her€case.€Ï݃3£¬q÷q݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà0  àà ` àObtaining€records€from€a€third€party€pertaining€to€your€client€will€require€a€releaseÏfrom€the€client€(sample€release€included€with€materials).€€When€you€ask€your€client€to€signÏa€release,€be€sure€the€release€makes€specific€reference€to€the€type€of€documents€you€want€toÐ ,`'* Ðobtain.€€If€you€want€to€obtain€psychiatric€records€to€investigate€a€possible€claim€ofÏincompetence€to€stand€trial,€or€an€involuntary€waiver,€or€a€failure€to€present€a€mental€defenseÏat€trial,€be€sure€to€specify€ð ðpsychiatric€recordsðð€in€your€release.€€If€you€want€various€typesÏof€documents,€have€your€client€sign€a€release€which€broadly€includes€every€possible€type€ofÏrecord.€€If€the€records€you€are€seeking€pertain€to€someone€other€than€your€client€you€areÏprobably€precluded€from€obtaining€them€unless€that€person€is€willing€to€sign€a€release,€anÏunlikely€scenario.€€There€is€no€right€to€Ô_ÔsubpenaÔ_Ô€records€while€on€appeal€or€whileÏinvestigating€a€habeas€claim.€€(See€òòPeople€v.€Gonzalezóó€(1990)€51€Cal.3d€1179,€1256„1258.)Ð@ (#(# ÐÌà0  àà ` àOnce€you€have€a€release€signed€by€your€client,€contact€the€institution€which€has€theÏrecords€you€want€to€obtain.€€Most€institutions€will€collect€and€send€records€pertaining€to€yourÏclient€after€receiving€a€faxed€or€mailed€copy€of€the€release.Ð (#(# ÐÌòòà  àóóò òD.à ` àTalk€to€People.€€ó óÐ à0  ÐÌà0  àIn€addition€to€record€collection,€determining€whether€a€potential€habeas€claim€has€merit€willÏoften€involve€talking€with€people€besides€trial€counsel.€€Ð (#(# ÐÌà  à1.à0 ` àThe€most€obvious€person€you€must€speak€with€is€your€client.€Many€habeas€petitionsÐ à Ðwill€require€a€declaration€from€the€client,€especially€if€you€need€to€establish€prejudiceÏflowing€from€incorrect€advise€concerning€a€plea.€€The€client€must€allege€s/he€wouldÏhave€made€a€different€decision€concerning€rejecting€or€accepting€a€plea€offer€toÏestablish€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€(See€òòÔ‡XwüXXXwüÔHill€v.€Ô_ÔLockhartÔ_Ôóó€(1985)Ð P  Ð474€U.S.€52Ô#†XwüXXXwü€{#Ô,€60.)Ð@` (#` (# ÐÌà  à2.à0 ` àDetermining€whether€there€is€a€valid€basis€for€collateral€relief€may€also€requireÐ  p Ðspeaking€with€third€parties,€particularly€if€the€claim€involves€failing€to€investigateÏwitnesses€or€present€a€defense.€€To€establish€such€a€claim€you€must€includeÏdeclarations€or€documents€which€demonstrate€what€the€attorney€should€haveÏdiscovered€and/or€presented.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà  à3.à0 ` àIf€you€think€trial€counsel€should€have€consulted€with€an€expert€or€presented€expertÐ À! Ðtestimony€on€an€issue€(e.g.,€identification€expert,€mental€health€expert,€ballisticsÏexpert,€òòÔ_ÔStollÔ_Ôóó€(òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔStollÔ_Ôóó€(1989)€49€Cal.3d€1136)€expert)€you€should€attempt€toÐ  #ð! Ðlocate€and€speak€with€an€expert€on€the€subject.€€This€is€more€difficult€than€otherÏinvestigative€methods€suggested€because€experts€normally€charge€for€theirÏconsultation,€and€the€Sixth€District€is€notorious€for€denying€any€and€all€requests€forÏfunds€to€pay€an€expert.€€However,€that€might€be€changing.€€The€Sixth€DistrictÏrecently€granted€a€request€for€expert€funds.€€While€the€case€was€unusual€because€theÏattorney€had€already€provided€an€expert€declaration€in€support€of€a€habeas€petitionÏand€had€been€billed€for€that€service,€perhaps€there€will€be€a€change€in€prior€practice.€ÏIt€doesnððt€hurt€to€ask€for€expert€funds,€as€you€will€be€compensated€for€the€motion.€ÏHowever,€you€should€attempt€to€make€a€compelling€showing€for€the€need€for€expertÐ ,`'* Ðservices.€€Get€a€copy€of€the€expertððs€resume.€€Ask€the€expert€to€direct€you€to€scientificÏjournal€articles€relevant€to€the€issue€you€want€to€investigate.€€Do€as€much€as€you€canÏto€show€that€there€really€should€have€been€an€expert€used€in€your€case,€and€that€theÏfailure€to€use€an€expert€was€prejudicial.€€Then€ask€for€the€money€and€see€whatÏhappens.Ð ` (#` (# Ðñ. ñÌÌÌñ. ñÌà  àò òE.à0 ` àDo€Some€Legal€ResearchÐP  ` (#` (# Ðó óà  àÌà  àFinally,€determining€whether€a€habeas€claim€is€valid€requires€some€legal€research€to€ascertainÏwhether€you€have€the€legal€basis€to€allege€a€prima€facie€claim€for€relief.€€Legal€research€might€alsoÏsuggest€what€investigation€you€need€to€undertake€to€establish€your€claim.ÌÌò òÌV.à0  àEXPOSE€THE€DEAD€FISH€YOU€FOUNDó ó:€ò òPREPARE€THE€PETITIONó óÐà0 (#(# ÐÌà  àò òA.à0 ` àPersonally€File€a€Habeas€PetitionÐÀ` (#` (# Ðó óÌòòà  àClarkóó€speaks€of€taking€ð ðother€appropriate€actionðð€once€counsel€becomes€aware€of€a€basis€forÐ  ð Ðcollateral€relief.€€If€the€facts€you€learn€from€investigating€present€a€substantial€basis€for€seekingÏrelief,€and€you€see€no€possible€adverse€consequences,€I€believe€ð ðother€appropriate€actionðð€meansÏpreparing€and€filing€a€habeas€corpus€petition€in€conjunction€with€the€appeal.€€Advising€a€client€ofÏð ðthe€course€to€follow€to€obtain€reliefðð€on€their€own€is€usually€equivalent€to€providing€no€help€at€all.€ÏVery€few€of€our€clients€have€the€ability€to€determine€whether€a€claim€has€probable€merit€or€toÏproduce€a€pro€per€habeas€petition€with€supporting€documents.€€This€is€especially€the€case€with€theÏgrowing€pool€of€non„English€speaking€clients.€€While€our€clients€could€seek€the€help€of€jail„houseÏlawyers,€such€persons€generally€do€not€understand€the€requirements€of€a€habeas€petition.€€They€writeÏpleadings€long€on€legal€argument€but€short€on€the€facts,€a€method€which€is€fatal€to€most€habeasÏclaims.€€Usually€the€clientððs€only€hope€for€relief€is€if€appellate€counsel€will€personally€pursue€aÏcollateral€attack€on€the€clientððs€behalf.Ô‡XwüXXXwüÔÐ ð@ ÐÔ#†XwüXXXwüèŠ#ÔÌà0  àò òB.à0` (#(#àIf€You€Believe€There€Are€Adverse€Consequences,€Do€Not€File€a€Habeas€Petition,Ð Ð  ÐEven€If€You€Believe€It€Has€MeritÐ ` (#` (# Ðó óÌÔ‡XwüXXXwüÔà  àYou€are€under€no€obligation€to€file€a€habeas€petition€if€you€believe€the€granting€of€the€writÐ  #ð! Ðcould€have€adverse€consequences€for€the€client.€€For€example,€you€might€determine€that€a€clientÏwould€be€ill€advised€to€seek€to€withdraw€a€plea€because€the€chances€of€winning€at€trial€are€minimalÏand€the€probable€sentence€much€worse€than€the€one€obtained€under€a€favorable€plea€bargain.€€EvenÏif€you€could€establish€a€valid€claim€(e.g.,€IAC€in€giving€improper€advice€about€the€consequences€ofÏfailing€to€plea),€you€might€decide€pursuing€habeas€relief€would€be€foolish.€€If€that€is€your€conclusion,Ïdo€not€file€a€habeas€petition.€€Your€ethical€obligation€is€complete€if€you€advise€the€client€it€wouldÏbe€unwise€to€pursue€a€habeas€and€send€him€the€òòpro€peróó€habeas€form€if€s/he€insists€on€doing€so.Ð 0*€%( Ðâ âñ0 ñÐ  +p&) Ðñ0 ñà  àA€habeas€is€different€than€an€appeal.€€A€client€has€a€right€to€appeal€and€a€constitutional€rightÏâ âto€counsel€on€appeal.€€(òòÔ_ÔEvittsÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔLuceyÔ_Ôóó€(1985)€469€U.S.€387;€òòIn€re€Jordanóó€(1992)€4€Cal.4th€116,€125.)€Ð  ð ÐOnce€appointed,€we€are€obligated€to€represent€the€client€and€must€ð ðabide€by€a€clientððs€decisionsÏÔ#†XwüXXXwüŒ#Ôconcerning€the€objectives€of€the€representation."Ô‡XwüXXXwüÔ€€(Ô#†XwüXXXwü’‘#ÔABA€Model€Rules€Prof.€Conduct,€rule€1.2(a)Ô‡XwüXXXwüÔ.)€Ð €Ð ÐOn€appeal,€you€should€advise€a€defendant€to€abandon€the€appeal€if€you€believe€the€potential€benefitÏis€outweighed€by€likely€adverse€consequences.€€However,€if€the€client€insists€on€going€forward€it€isÏyour€obligation€to€do€so.€€Even€if€you€believe€going€forward€is€a€bad€idea,€you€have€the€duty€toÏprepare€a€brief€ð ðÔ#†XwüXXXwü’#Ôsetting€forth€all€arguable€issuesÔ‡XwüXXXwüÔ.ðð€€(òòÔ#†XwüXXXwüº“#ÔPeople€v.€Bartonóó€(1978)€21€Cal.3d€513,€519Ô‡XwüXXXwüÔ;Ð @  ÐòòÔ#†XwüXXXwü4”#ÔPeople€v.€Scottóó€(1998)€64€Cal.App.4th€550,€564Ô‡XwüXXXwüÔ.)€€Ð 0 € Ðñ/ ñÌñ/ ñà  àA€habeas€is€different.€€There€is€no€constitutional€right€to€counsel€in€a€habeas.€€(òòÔ#†XwüXXXwüÀ”#ÔColeman€v.Ð `  ÐThompsonóó€(1991)€501€U.S.€722,€756-757;€òòPeople€v.€Kippóó€(2001)€26€Cal.4th€1100,€1139„1140.)€Ð P  ÐSince€the€client€has€no€right€to€representation,€you€have€no€obligation€ð ðto€abide€by€a€clientððsÏdecisions€concerning€the€objectives€of€the€representation.ðð€€€You€do€not€have€to€file€a€habeas€if€youÏthink€it€is€a€bad€idea.Ô‡XwüXXXwüÔÐ Ð  Ðñ1 ñÌñ1 ñà  àOn€the€other€hand,€if€you€can€foresee€no€adverse€consequences€and€determine€a€habeas€claimÏhas€probable€merit,€the€appropriate€action€is€to€file€a€habeas€corpus€petition€with€the€court€of€appealÏin€conjunction€with€the€direct€appeal.€€Even€though€you€have€no€constitutional€obligation€to€do€so,Ïand€cannot€be€found€ineffective€for€failing€to€do€so,€it€is€the€right€thing€to€do.Ô#†XwüXXXwü—#ÔÐ €Ð ÐÌò òà  àC.à0 ` àState€a€Prima€Facie€Case€in€the€Habeas€Petitionó óÐ`°` (#` (# ÐÌÔ‡XwüXXXwüÔà  àIn€the€petition,€you€should€"state€fully€and€with€particularity€the€facts€on€which€relief€isÐ @ ÐsoughtÔ#†XwüXXXwüq™#Ô.ðð€€(òòIn€re€Clarkóó,€òòsupraóó,€5€Cal.4th€at€p.€474.)€€€A€petition€passes€muster€if€ð ðit€states€facts€which,Ð 0€ Ðif€true,€entitle€the€petitioner€to€relief.ðð€€(òòIdóó.,€at€p.€769,€fn.€9.)€€Be€sure€to€plead€all€facts€essential€toÐ  p Ðestablish€your€legal€claim.€€Do€not€incorporate€the€memorandum€of€points€and€authorities€byÏreference.€€Ìñ2 ñÌñ2 ñà  àFor€example,€if€your€claim€is€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€first€set€forth€the€salient€factsÏunderlying€the€claim.€€Briefly€describe€the€charges€and€the€procedural€background€(plea?€€trial?).€ÏIf€the€facts€of€the€charged€crimes€are€important€to€the€issue€raised,€briefly€summarize€the€facts.€€ThenÏstate€what€counsel€did€or€failed€to€do.€€Allege€this€decision€fell€below€the€standard€to€be€expectedÏof€reasonably€competent€attorneys.€€If€you€have€a€case€which€supports€this€claim,€include€a€citationÏto€the€case,€but€do€not€argue€the€matter;€just€state€it.€€If€the€issue€involves€failing€to€object€or€failingÏto€bring€some€motion,€allege€counsel€had€no€informed€tactical€reason€for€the€act€or€omission.€€ThenÏallege€prejudice:€it€is€reasonably€likely€the€result€would€have€been€different€had€counsel€done€theÏright€thing.€€If€the€IAC€claim€is€in€the€context€of€a€plea,€allege€that€defendant€would€have€made€theÏopposite€decision€had€s/he€been€correctly€advised.€€Include€a€citation€for€each€claim;€to€the€recordÏfor€backgrounds€facts;€to€attached€declarations€or€documents€for€facts€outside€the€record.€€SomeÏsamples€are€included€at€the€end€of€this€article.ÌÌà  àò òD.à0 ` àAttach€the€Fruits€of€Your€Investigationó óÐ,`'*` (#` (# Їà  àA€habeas€corpus€petition€should€also€"include€copies€of€reasonably€available€documentaryÏevidence€supporting€the€claim,€including€pertinent€portions€of€trial€transcripts€and€affidavits€orÏdeclarations."€€(òòPeople€v.€Ô_ÔDuvallÔ_Ôóó€(1995)€9€Cal.4th€464,€474.)€€However,€if€your€petition€is€being€filedÐ à Ðin€conjunction€with€the€direct€appeal,€you€need€not€attach€portions€of€the€trial€transcripts.€€You€canÏinstead€ask€the€court€to€take€judicial€notice€of€the€transcripts€on€direct€appeal.€€Do€attach€anyÏdeclarations€you€have€obtained€from€the€client,€from€trial€counsel€and€from€third€parties.€€Also€attachÏany€documents€which€you€rely€upon€to€establish€your€claim.€€A€few€sample€declarations€are€includedÏat€the€end€of€these€materials.ÌÌò òVI.à0  àFOLLOW€UPÐ p (#(# ÐÌó óà  àYour€work€on€a€habeas€case€is€generally€finished€once€the€petition€is€filed.€€Ordinarily€thereÐ P  Ðis€no€additional€briefing.€€The€court€may€request€an€informal€response€(rule€60,€California€Rules€ofÏCourt),€but€that€is€rarely€done€in€the€Sixth€District.€€If€the€court€does€request€an€informal€response,Ïbe€sure€to€take€advantage€of€your€right€to€reply€to€the€informal€response€even€if€the€court€fails€toÏadvise€you€of€that€right.€€(See€òòibidóó.)€€Under€rule€60,€you€have€15€days€to€file€a€reply€to€the€informalÐ À Ðresponse.Ìñ3 ñÌñ3 ñà  àFollow€up€after€the€case€is€over.€€If€the€appellate€court€denies€the€petition,€file€a€petition€forÏreview.€€Almost€every€claim€you€make€in€a€habeas€petition€will€involve€a€federal€constitutional€right.€ÏYou€should€at€least€preserve€the€issue€for€possible€federal€review€by€seeking€review€from€theÏCalifornia€Supreme€Court.€€The€Sixth€District€ordinarily€denies€the€habeas€on€the€same€day€it€affirmsÏthe€judgment€on€appeal,€either€in€the€same€opinion€or€in€a€separate€order.€€When€the€two€proceedingsÏare€decided€on€the€same€day,€your€time€for€filing€a€review€petition€is€the€same€as€on€an€appeal.€€(SeeÏrules€24(b)(4),€rule€28(e)(1).)€€You€have€40€days€after€the€issuance€of€the€court€of€appeal€opinion€toÏseek€review.€€However,€you€must€file€a€separate€review€petition€for€the€habeas€unless€the€two€casesÏwere€consolidated€by€the€court€of€appeal.€€(Rule€28(d).)€€You€cannot€merely€include€the€habeas€issueÏin€the€review€petition€you€file€on€the€appeal.€€If€for€some€reason€the€court€of€appeal€denies€the€habeasÏon€a€day€which€is€different€than€the€day€it€decides€the€appeal,€or€if€you€filed€a€habeas€petition€apartÏfrom€an€appeal,€you€only€have€10€days€to€file€a€review€petition.€€(See€rules€24(b)(2)(a),€ruleÏ28(e)(1).)€€Donððt€worry€if€you€miss€this€deadline.€€You€can€always€file€an€original€habeas€petitionÏin€the€Supreme€Court€raising€the€same€issue.Ìñ4 ñÌñ4 ñà  àIf€the€court€of€appeal€issues€an€order€to€show€cause,€try€to€follow€up€to€assure€a€competentÏattorney€is€appointed€to€handle€the€habeas€in€the€superior€court.€€Talk€with€your€SDAP€staff€attorneyÏconcerning€who€you€might€contact€to€ensure€competent€counsel€is€appointed€to€the€case.Ì