ÿWPCÙ ƒå½ÇªVþ ÞSnê¨~à §¬>û¾¦VrÔÌS¢—ZVaúeÕ Ý,w_ÝÿVH “Qìï>=Òé‡Nîö[ÆØäáéOŒdµ’ßâ‡j]ŽX%Šxµþõ#ŒËڰ׉¼X­g+G³¶³ªß¤Å@“d&Êáâ’%ZZ…*ëÛÓÄ6Sg½V†ëJKèÈçV~|’äS(Òáÿ_é@5™+gq[¢‘vS{v‹3à° CLDÉ0uyÂɼN‡¾êÙô¸…!9߈ñ±@Ú×—Òúä †©Æáþ/’(4‰#›Í¤2)AØ“%ãʤŒº[IIÄ’žI}Í©–²!¯Â§Z.„ ±héÀ/E‰;@Î÷ÖŠTV2ßãïNün„3 a§qR°ŸÊFÒyKÏ .7š€ÿò3›%̽lJ6!ÌĤŒ.ÚF®J?Š úu߃[3ÅZ|SŒEgËÎjÅ9¯³3¤ù.b\ŽÎú.@àS 5=X²O²B?¾¬+4€ZjúW°§ÁÉœÙ%ø_ßjz]_EPTeB.¹|Aïõ°üÏÅw©¸)Êò•ûuAè ‹„ìêÃc¤¸™ˆž)\†£Xöù²)™’D Ì1˜‹y'‡ÇgüÃ1Áú௠#!¨UNÉ % 0(^ Ew@Q4‘¥´ m¶b ͘HP LaserJet 4ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡H·œ4‰ øù£úûVü£ýþEÿU iu3@Þ0iles3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ- ù -Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€Š‚Ò‹XXÔÓ  ÓÑ€ ÑÑ8€6XXdìdÈ8Ñà8  àTHE€LESSONS€TO€BE€LEARNED€FROM€THE€PAUL€Ô_ÔMAGNANÔ_Ô€CASE.ññаРР ÐÌÓ  ÓBy:€Dallas€SacherÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà  àIf€one€practices€criminal€defense€long€enough,€a€few€cases€will€come€along€whichÏeither€break€your€heart€or€provide€a€rare€victory€in€which€ultimate€justice€is€achieved.€ÏHaving€practical€criminal€defense€for€over€twenty€years,€I€have€handled€several€cases€which€Ïstill€inhabit€my€dreams.€€The€case€of€Paul€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€is€one€where€the€dream€ends€happily.€ÏThis€article€will€explore€the€lessons€which€can€be€learned€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case.Ìà  àIn€my€commentary,€I€detail€a€number€of€errors€which€were€made€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_ÔððsÏseveral€post„conviction€lawyers€(myself€included).€€In€making€these€criticisms,€I€intend€noÏdisrespect€to€the€lawyers€in€question.€€All€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€lawyers€performed€in€a€Ô_ÔdilignetÔ_ÔÏand€ethical€manner.€€The€mistakes€made€by€counsel€are€discussed€solely€as€an€educationalÏvehicle€and€not€as€a€means€to€dishonor€the€hard€working€lawyers€who€desired€to€do€anÏexcellent€job€for€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô.ÌÓ  ÓI.Ìà8 @ àTHE€LIFE€STORY€OF€PAUL€Ô_ÔMAGNANÔ_Ô.ÌÓ  Óà  àMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€born€in€Minnesota€in€1952.€€Upon€completing€high€school,€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€enlisted€in€the€Air€Force.€€Although€he€avoided€Vietnam,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€acquired€aÏheroin€habit€in€the€service.Ìà  àBack€home€in€Minnesota,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€struggled€with€his€drug€addiction.€€However,Ïhe€remained€a€productive€citizen€and€obtained€training€and€employment€as€an€electronicsÐ °*&& Ðtechnician.Ìà  àIn€1981,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€succumbed€to€his€drug€addiction€and€committed€two€separateÏpharmacy€robberies.€€Although€no€one€was€injured€during€the€robberies,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€wasÏsentenced€to€five€years€in€prison.Ìà  àFollowing€his€release,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€battled€his€addiction€for€twelve€years.€€As€wasÏnoted€by€a€drug€counselor€with€whom€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€in€frequent€contact,€he€ð ðmany€timesÏsought€treatment€when€there€was€no€coercive€motivation€such€as€a€criminal€charge€drivingÏhim€there€as€an€alternative€to€incarceration.ðð€€(March€7,€2001€letter€of€Dan€Cain.)Ìà  àIn€the€course€of€his€drug€addiction,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€committed€minor€crimes.€€In€1989Ïand€1997,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€sentenced€to€short€prison€terms€for€possession€of€burglary€toolsÏand€being€an€ex„felon€in€possession€of€a€firearm.Ìà  àIn€1994,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€entered€a€relationship€with€a€woman.€€A€daughter€was€born€toÏthe€couple.€€When€the€relationship€broke€up,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€retained€custody€of€his€daughter.Ìà  àIn€1999,€a€lifelong€friend€who€had€relocated€to€California€asked€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€for€hisÏassistance€in€moving€back€to€Minnesota.€€When€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€arrived€in€California,€his€friendÏchanged€her€mind€and€decided€not€to€move.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€left€adrift€withoutÏemployment€but€with€a€drug€addiction.ÌÓ  ÓII.ÌA€RESUME€OF€THE€LEGAL€PROCEEDINGS.ÌÓ  Óà  àThe€following€pages€provide€a€fairly€authoritative€account€of€the€proceedings€in€Mr.Ð °*&& ÐÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case.€€This€account€provides€the€necessary€background€for€the€lessons€to€beÏlearned.ÌÓ  Óà @ àA.à8 @` àòòThe€Facts€Adduced€At€Trial.Ð ° ÐEvents€of€May€5,€1999ÌÓïÓà  àóóAt€midnight€on€May€5,€1999,€Officer€John€Robb€stopped€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€motorÐ °  Ðvehicle€since€it€had€a€broken€taillight.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€admitted€that€he€did€not€have€a€driverððsÏlicense.€€Officer€Robb€determined€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€under€the€influence€of€an€opiate.€ÏIt€was€stipulated€that€a€urine€test€revealed€metabolites€for€opiates€and€methamphetamine.€€ÌÓ  ÓòòEvents€of€June€11,€1999Ð ° ÐóóÓ  Óà  àAt€11:45€p.m.€on€June€11,€1999,€Officers€Jay€Forbes€and€Miguel€Gonzalez€were€onÐ ° Ðpatrol.€€The€officers€saw€a€pickup€truck€which€was€in€the€rear€of€a€vacant€parking€lot€whichÏwas€adjacent€to€closed€businesses.€€The€officers€drove€towards€the€pickup€with€their€lightsÏoff.€€When€they€got€within€100€feet€of€the€pickup,€the€officers€illuminated€the€pickup.€¼à  àAccording€to€Officer€Forbes,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€standing€inside€the€open€door€of€theÏpickup€with€his€back€towards€the€front€of€the€vehicle.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€was€sitting€in€the€driverððsÏseat.€€Officer€Forbes€saw€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€hands€inside€the€pickup.€€However,€neither€OfficerÏForbes€nor€Officer€Gonzalez€saw€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€throw€anything.€€Ìà  àOfficer€Gonzalez€determined€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€under€the€influence€of€aÏcontrolled€substance.€€€A€search€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€person€revealed€a€small€balloon€of€heroinÏin€his€pocket.€€The€heroin€weighed€.91€grams.€€A€pack€of€Camels€and€$300€were€also€seizedÐ °*&& Ðfrom€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô.€€A€subsequent€blood€test€revealed€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€opiates€in€hisÏsystem.€Ìà  àMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€admitted€that€she€was€under€the€influence€of€methamphetamine.€€A€whiteÏpowder€residue€resembling€methamphetamine€was€found€in€her€purse€along€with€a€burntÏpiece€of€aluminum€foil,€a€razor€and€a€mirror.€€Ìà  àMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€consented€to€a€search€of€the€pickup.€€Officer€Forbes€found€a€CamelððsÏpack€which€was€to€the€side€of€the€driverððs€seat€and€a€ð ðlittle€bitðð€under€the€seat.€€€However,ÏOfficer€Forbes€also€indicated€that€the€pack€was€at€ð ðthe€edgeðð€of€the€steering€wheel.€€Ìà  àFor€his€part,€Officer€Gonzalez€testified€that€the€pack€was€found€inside€a€brown€paperÏbag.€€Officer€Gonzalez€said€that€the€bag€was€found€directly€below€the€steering€wheel€and€aÏð ðlittleðð€under€the€seat.€€In€addition€to€the€bag,€the€interior€of€the€pickup€was€ð ðpretty€dirtyðð€andÏwas€littered€with€ð ðclothing€and€garbageðð€including€€ð ðbrown€bags.ðð€€Ìà  àThe€Camel€pack€contained€a€Ô_ÔbaggieÔ_Ô€of€methamphetamine.€€The€methamphetamineÏweighed€21.69€grams.€€Ìà  àMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€testified€as€a€government€witness.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€indicated€that€the€pickupÏwas€owned€by€her€ex„boyfriend,€John€Doyle.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€had€been€in€possession€of€theÏpickup€all€day.€€Ìà  àMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€admitted€that€she€was€in€the€habit€of€using€as€much€as€a€gram€ofÏmethamphetamine€per€day.€€She€also€categorized€Ms.€Doyle€as€a€methamphetamine€user.€ÏHowever,€she€denied€that€Mr.€Doyle€sold€methamphetamine.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€testified€that€sheÐ °*&& Ðsmokes€Misty€Ultra€Light€cigarettes€and€Mr.€Doyle€does€not€smoke.€€Ìà  àMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€had€been€dating€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€since€April€1999€and€thatÏthey€were€in€love.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€living€in€the€homeless€camp€behind€the€parking€lotÏwhere€they€were€found€by€the€police.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€indicated€that€she€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€hadÏbeen€together€since€6€p.m.€that€evening.€€Although€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€been€a€passenger€in€theÏpickup€when€they€went€to€a€liquor€store,€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€did€not€see€any€methamphetamine€inÏhis€possession.€€Moreover,€she€had€never€seen€the€methamphetamine€which€was€found€inÏthe€Camel€pack.€€Ìà  àOfficer€Rick€Ô_ÔTellifsonÔ_Ô€testified€as€an€expert€regarding€whether€methamphetamine€isÏpossessed€for€sale.€€Officer€Ô_ÔTellifsonÔ_Ô€indicated€that€drugs€are€often€sold€in€3.5€gramÏallotments€known€as€8„balls.€€Since€8„balls€sell€for€$130€to€$150,€the€sale€of€two€8„ballsÏmight€result€in€a€profit€of€$300.€€ÌÓ  Óà @ àB.à0 @` àòòThe€Charges.Ð ° ÐÓz#Óà  àóóBased€on€his€May€5,€1999€arrest,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€charged€with€two€misdemeanorÐ ° Ðviolations:€(1)€driving€without€a€license;€and€(2)€being€under€the€influence€of€an€illegalÏsubstance.€€As€a€result€of€the€June€11,€1999€arrest,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€charged€with€twoÏfelonies:€(1)€possession€for€sale€of€methamphetamine;€and€(2)€possession€of€heroin.€€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€also€charged€with€the€misdemeanor€of€being€under€the€influence€of€a€controlledÏsubstance.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€1981€Minnesota€robbery€convictions€were€charged€under€theÏThree€Strikes€law.€€Ms€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€was€not€charged.Ð °*&& Ðà  àIn€his€closing€argument,€defense€counsel,€David€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô,€conceded€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€guiltÏas€to€all€counts€except€for€the€possession€for€sale€of€methamphetamine.€€As€to€that€count,€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€argued€that€the€methamphetamine€was€possessed€by€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô.ÌÓ  Óà @ àC.à0 @` àòòThe€Verdict€and€Punishment.Ð °  ÐÓ`(Óà  àóóThe€jury€convicted€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€on€all€counts.€€The€trial€court€found€that€Mr.Ð °  ÐÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€strike€priors€were€true.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€denied€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€òòPeople€v.€Superior€Court€(Romero)óó€(1996)€13€Cal.4th€497€motion€since€hisÐ °  Ðconviction€for€possession€for€sale€demonstrated€that€he€was€ð ðstill€a€danger€to€theÏcommunity.ðð€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€sentenced€to€prison€for€the€term€of€25€years€to€life.ÌÓ  Óà @ àD.à0 @` àòòThe€Initial€Communication€From€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô.Ð ° ÐÓ/+Óà  àóóVicki€Ô_ÔFirstmanÔ_Ô€was€the€first€Ô_ÔSDAPÔ_Ô€staff€attorney€assigned€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case.€Ð ° ÐBefore€the€record€on€appeal€was€filed,€Vicki€received€a€lengthy€letter€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô.€€InÏmaterial€part,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€indicated€that€the€$300€found€on€his€person€had€been€sent€to€himÏby€his€family€via€Western€Union.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€concluded€his€letter€by€noting€that€he€wasÏlooking€for€ð ðany€help€you€can€give€(miracles€included).ððÌÓ  Óà @ àE.à8 @` àòòThe€Initial€Review€Of€The€Record€On€Appeal.Ð °" ÐÓL.Óà  àóóWe€assigned€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case€to€panel€attorney€Steve€Antler.€€When€Vicki€becameÐ °$  Ðill,€I€took€over€the€case€as€the€assisting€attorney.Ìà  àUpon€my€initial€review€of€the€record,€I€was€left€with€a€disquieting€feeling.€€The€caseÏmade€no€sense€to€me.€€For€all€the€world,€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€looked€like€the€guilty€party.€€TheÐ °*&& Ðmethamphetamine€was€found€at€her€feet€in€a€vehicle€which€was€under€her€control.€€Ms.ÏÔ_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€was€an€admitted€meth€freak€whereas€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€tested€positive€for€opiates€on€theÏnight€in€question.Ìà  àIn€my€judgment,€there€was€only€a€single€piece€of€legitimate€evidence€which€pointedÏto€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€guilt:€The€methamphetamine€was€found€in€pack€of€Camels€and€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€a€full€pack€of€Camels€in€his€pocket.€€However,€insofar€as€the€pickup€wasÏlittered€with€trash,€it€was€quite€plausible€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€had€retrieved€an€empty€CamelððsÏpack€from€the€mountain€of€garbage€in€the€vehicle.Ìà  àAs€I€read€the€record,€I€was€struck€by€the€absurdity€of€the€primary€theory€advanced€byÏthe€prosecutor€in€his€closing€argument.€€Insofar€as€21.69€grams€were€found€in€the€vehicle,Ïthe€prosecutor€assumed€that€the€owner€of€the€drugs€had€already€sold€7€grams€from€what€wasÏoriginally€an€ounce€(i.e.€28€grams).€€Since€his€ð ðexpertðð€had€testified€that€7€grams€would€sellÏfor€$300,€the€prosecutor€argued€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€possessed€the€drugs€since€he€had€$300.€ÏIn€my€view,€this€reasoning€was€entirely€circular.€€In€the€absence€of€òòanyóó€evidence€that€Mr.Ð ° ÐÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€selling€drugs,€his€possession€of€$300€proved€nothing.Ìà  àIn€my€assisting€memo€to€Mr.€Antler,€I€suggested€that€he€would€need€to€investigateÏseveral€possible€claims€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€These€claims€included:€(1)Ïwhether€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€investigated€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€assertion€that€he€had€received€$300€fromÏhis€family;€(2)€whether€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€erred€by€failing€to€object€to€the€prosecutorððs€argumentÏto€the€jury€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€poverty€was€proof€of€his€motive€to€sell€drugs;€(3)€whether€Mr.Ð °*&& ÐÔ_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€erred€by€adducing€the€fact€that€the€police€had€found€the€Camel€pack€on€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€person€even€though€the€prosecutor€had€not€yet€broached€the€topic;€and€(4)Ïwhether€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€investigated€Mr.€Doyleððs€criminal€history.€€With€regard€to€the€latterÏpoint,€I€dispatched€the€Ô_ÔSDAPÔ_Ô€paralegal€to€the€Santa€Clara€County€Superior€Court€in€searchÏof€any€criminal€cases€which€had€been€brought€against€Mr.€Doyle.ÌÓ  Óà @ àF.à0 @` àòòMr.€Antlerððs€Investigation.Ð °  ÐÓÄ:Óà  àóóOn€October€11,€2001,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€wrote€to€Mr.€Antler€and€indicated€that€his€motherÐ °  Ðalways€sent€him€money€via€Western€Union.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€provided€his€motherððs€phoneÏnumber€and€assured€Mr.€Antler€that€his€mother€would€ð ðhelp€in€any€way€possible.ððÌà  àMr.€Antler€conducted€a€telephone€interview€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô.€€Mr.€Antler€madeÏcontemporaneous€notes€of€the€conversation.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€told€Mr.€Antler€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€hadÏinformed€him€during€trial€that€he€had€received€the€$300€from€his€mother€via€Western€Union.ÏMr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€indicated€that€he€had€not€investigated€this€assertion€since€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€could€notÏrecall€where€or€when€he€had€received€the€money.Ìà  àOn€a€separate€front,€the€Ô_ÔSDAPÔ_Ô€paralegal€learned€that€Mr.€Doyle€and€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€hadÏbeen€jointly€prosecuted€for€the€possession€of€methamphetamine.€€At€Mr.€Antlerððs€request,Ïour€paralegal€examined€the€Superior€Court€files€for€any€additional€cases€involving€Ms.ÏÔ_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô.€€As€a€result,€we€learned€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€had€a€second€case€in€which€she€had€beenÏfound€in€a€storage€locker€with€a€small€amount€of€methamphetamine.€€Significantly,€theÏpolice€report€from€that€case€indicated€that€Officer€Ô_ÔManionÔ_Ô€had€gone€to€the€storage€facilityÐ °*&& Ðbased€on€ð ðinformationðð€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€was€ð ðpossibly€dealing€meth€out€of€her€storageÏlocker.€.€.€.ððÌà  àIn€light€of€the€police€report,€Mr.€Antler€wrote€to€the€trial€prosecutor€and€demandedÏthat€he€divulge€the€ð ðinformationðð€regarding€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ôððs€drug€dealing.€€Mr.€Antler€advisedÏthe€prosecutor€that€he€was€required€to€reveal€the€ð ðinformationðð€pursuant€to€òòBrady€v.Ð °  ÐMarylandóó€(1963)€373€U.S.€83.€€The€prosecutor€did€not€provide€the€ð ðinformationðð€inÐ °  Ðquestion.ÌÓ  Óà @ àG.à8 @` àòòMr.€Antlerððs€Habeas€Petition.Ð ° ÐóóÓïCÓà  àMr.€Antler€filed€a€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus€in€the€Court€of€Appeal.€€TheÐ ° Ðpetition€raised€four€issues:€(1)€the€prosecutor€had€violated€his€duties€under€òòBradyóó€by€failingÐ ° Ðto€disclose€the€criminal€records€and€police€reports€regarding€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€and€Mr.€Doyle;€(2)ÏMr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€performed€ineffectively€when€he€failed€to€investigate€the€criminal€records€ofÏMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€and€Mr.€Doyle;€(3)€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€performed€ineffectively€when€he€adduced€the€factÏthat€a€Camel€pack€had€been€found€on€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€person;€and€(4)€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€hadÏperformed€ineffectively€when€he€failed€to€object€to€the€prosecutorððs€argument€that€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€a€motive€to€sell€drugs€due€to€his€poverty.Ìà  àMr.€Antler€did€not€raise€any€claim€regarding€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ôðð€failure€to€investigate€the€$300Ïfound€on€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€person.€€In€making€this€decision,€Mr.€Antler€accepted€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_ÔððÏexplanation€that€he€was€unable€to€conduct€an€investigation€since€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€did€not€knowÏwhere€he€had€picked€up€the€money.€€However,€Mr.€Antler€failed€to€contact€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_ÔððsÐ °*&& Ðmother€in€Minnesota.ÌÓÓÓ  Óà @ àH.€€à8 @` àòòIssuance€Of€The€Order€To€Show€Cause€And€Proceedings€In€The€Trial€Court.óóÐ ° ÐÓiJÓÌÓÓà  àThe€Court€of€Appeal€issued€an€order€to€show€cause€returnable€in€the€trial€court.€€TheÏorder€to€show€cause€included€all€of€the€claims€raised€in€the€petition.€€Upon€receiving€theÏorder,€the€Superior€Court€appointed€attorney€Andrew€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€to€represent€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô.Ìà  àIn€her€return,€the€District€Attorney€did€not€reveal€or€discuss€the€ð ðinformationðð€whichÏOfficer€Ô_ÔManionÔ_Ô€had€received€regarding€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô.€€Rather,€the€District€Attorney€simplyÏargued€that€there€was€ð ðno€evidenceðð€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€was€selling€drugs.Ìà  àNotwithstanding€the€District€Attorneyððs€failure€to€honor€her€obligation€under€òòBrady,óóÐ ° ÐMr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€did€not€take€any€further€investigative€steps.€€Rather,€he€simply€argued€in€hisÏtraverse€that€the€trial€prosecutor€had€failed€to€disclose€material€evidence.Ìà  àIn€preparing€his€traverse,€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€worked€with€a€fledgling€attorney€Ô_ÔDerrylÔ_Ô€Molina.€ÏUnlike€Mr.€Antler,€Ms.€Molina€finally€took€the€step€of€calling€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother,€CarolÏWhite.€€In€their€conversation,€Ms.€White€confirmed€that€she€had€wired€money€to€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€from€the€Western€Union€office€in€Ô_ÔBrainerdÔ_Ô,€Minnesota.Ìà  àMr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€issued€a€subpoena€duces€tecum€to€Western€Union.€€In€response,€WesternÏUnion€provided€documents€which€established€that€Ms.€White€had€wired€$400€to€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€in€San€Jose€on€June€4,€1999.€€The€document€revealed€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€pickedÏup€the€money€on€that€very€day.Ìà  àIn€his€traverse,€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€argued€for€the€first€time€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€erred€by€failingÐ °*&& Ðto€procure€the€Western€Union€document.€€However,€this€was€not€the€proper€method€forÏraising€the€issue.€€Under€settled€law,€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€was€required€to€file€either€a€supplemental€orÏamended€petition.€€(òòIn€re€Clark€óó(1993)€5€Cal.4th€750,€781,€fn.€16.)Ð ° ÐÓ  Óà @ àI.€€à0 @ àòòThe€Ruling€Of€The€Superior€Court.óó€Ð °  ÐÓoTÓà  àThe€trial€court€did€not€order€an€evidentiary€hearing.€€The€court€rejected€the€òòBradyóóÐ °  Ðclaim€since€the€defense€had€ð ðnot€actually€developed€the€evidence€to€show€how€it€would€haveÏbeen€admissible.ðð€€(Order€of€September€15,€2004,€p.€2.)€€With€regard€to€the€new€WesternÏUnion€evidence,€the€court€held€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€not€established€ð ðhow€his€attorneyÏshould€have€knownðð€about€it.ÌÓÓÓ  Óà @ àJ.€€à8 @` àòòThe€Renewed€Habeas€Petition€In€The€Court€Of€Appeal.Ð ° ÐÓ¿VÓÌÓÓà  àóóFollowing€the€denial€of€relief€in€the€trial€court,€I€personally€undertook€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_ÔððsÐ ° Ðrepresentation.€€I€recognized€that€the€trial€courtððs€analysis€was€correct€insofar€as€it€held€thatÏMr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€had€failed€to€factually€develop€his€theories.Ìà  àIt€was€easy€to€remedy€the€deficiency€concerning€the€Western€Union€money€order.€€IÏcontacted€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€who€informed€me€that€he€had€told€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€about€the€money€orderÏwell€before€trial.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€provided€a€declaration€to€this€effect.Ìà  àAs€for€the€òòBradyóó€claim,€I€wrote€to€the€District€Attorney€and€clearly€and€unequivocallyÐ °$  Ðdemanded€that€Officer€Ô_ÔManionÔ_Ô€be€compelled€to€reveal€the€nature€of€the€ð ðinformationðð€whichÏhe€had€received.€€In€response,€the€District€Attorney€advised€me€that€the€ð ðinformationðð€hadÏcome€from€the€managers€of€the€storage€facility€who€had€witnessed€foot€traffic€at€Ms.Ð °*&& ÐÔ_ÔMhoonÔ_Ôððs€unit.Ìà  àIn€the€renewed€habeas€petition,€I€included€all€of€the€claims€which€had€originally€beenÏpled€by€Mr.€Antler.€€I€also€raised€the€new€claim€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€performed€ineffectivelyÏwhen€he€failed€to€adduce€the€fact€that€the€$300€found€in€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€possession€had€beenÏreceived€from€his€mother.Ìà  àIn€pleading€the€new€theory,€I€was€well€aware€that€it€was€arguably€subject€to€theÏdiscretionary€rule€that€new€claims€may€not€be€raised€in€a€successive€petition.€€(òòIn€re€Clark,Ð °  Ðóósupra,€5€Cal.4th€750,€774.)€€However,€I€made€a€tactical€decision€not€to€discuss€the€issue.€€ItÐ ° Ðwas€my€hope€that€both€the€Court€of€Appeal€and€the€Supreme€Court€would€summarily€denyÏrelief.€€In€this€way,€the€claim€could€be€brought€in€federal€court€without€the€burden€of€a€stateÏprocedural€default.€€(See€òòLee€v.€Ô_ÔKemnaÔ_Ô€óó(2002)€534€U.S.€362,€375;€òòColeman€v.€ThompsonÐ ° Ðóó(1991)€501€U.S.€722,€729€[discussing€the€problem€of€state€procedural€default].)Ð ° Ðà  àAside€from€the€new€issue€regarding€the€Western€Union€money€order,€I€also€noticedÏanother€claim€which€I€had€missed€on€my€original€review€of€the€record€on€appeal.€€At€trial,Ïthe€prosecutor€argued€to€the€jury€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€must€have€tossed€the€drugs€into€theÏpickup€when€he€first€saw€the€police.€€However,€at€the€preliminary€hearing,€Officer€GonzalezÏhad€testified€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€hands€were€above€his€head€when€the€police€came€on€theÏscene.€€Since€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€failed€to€introduce€this€evidence,€I€advanced€a€claim€ofÏineffective€assistance€of€counsel€due€to€this€omission.Ìà  àThe€Court€of€Appeal€summarily€denied€the€petition.€€Within€the€requisite€ten€days,Ð °*&& ÐI€filed€a€petition€for€review.€€(California€Rules€of€Court,€rules€24(b)(2)(A)€and€28(e)(1)Ï[petition€for€review€is€due€within€10€days€when€habeas€petition€is€summarily€denied€and€aÏdirect€appeal€is€not€decided€the€same€day].)ÌÓ  Óà @ àK.€€à8 @` àòòThe€Proceedings€In€the€California€Supreme€Court.Ð °  ÐÓodÓà  àóóTo€my€amazement,€the€Supreme€Court€directed€the€Attorney€General€to€file€an€answerÐ °  Ðto€our€petition€for€review.€€As€I€had€feared,€the€Attorney€General€raised€the€proceduralÏobjection€that€the€issue€involving€the€Western€Union€money€order€had€been€defaulted€sinceÏit€was€not€included€in€the€first€habeas€petition.Ìà  àIn€response,€I€marshaled€a€number€of€arguments:€(1)€the€claim€was€not€ð ðsuccessiveððÏsince€it€had€never€before€been€raised€in€the€Supreme€Court;€(2)€the€issue€had€beenÏadjudicated€on€the€merits€in€the€Superior€Court;€(3)€the€court€should€entertain€the€issue€sinceÏany€default€was€occasioned€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ôððs€error€in€failing€to€file€a€supplemental€or€amendedÏpetition€(òòIn€re€Clark,óó€supra,€5€Cal.4th€at€p.€780);€and€(4)€the€error€committed€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_ÔÐ ° Ðrendered€the€trial€ð ðfundamentally€unfair.ðð€€(òòIdóó.€at€p.€797,€fn.€omitted.)Ð ° Ðà  àMiraculously,€the€Supreme€Court€directed€the€Court€of€Appeal€to€issue€an€order€toÏshow€cause.€€The€order€was€limited€to€the€issue€of€whether€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€ð ðentitled€toÏrelief€based€on€ineffective€assistance€of€trial€counsel€for€failing€to€investigate€and€presentÏevidence€that€the€$300€found€on€petitionerððs€person€had€been€sent€to€him€by€wire€transfer....ðð€Ï(Supreme€Court€order€of€July€13,€2005.)Ì///Ð °*&& ÐÓÓÓ  Óà @ àL.€€à8 @` àòòThe€New€Proceedings€In€The€Superior€Court.Ð ° ÐÓÑjÓÌÓÓà  àóóFollowing€the€Court€of€Appealððs€issuance€of€the€order€to€show€cause,€I€resolved€toÐ ° Ðpersonally€represent€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€in€the€Superior€Court.€€I€contacted€Steve€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ô€who€runsÏthe€Santa€Clara€County€Conflicts€Program.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ô€agreed€to€appoint€me.Ìà  àIn€her€new€return,€the€District€Attorney€included€a€declaration€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô.€€In€hisÏdeclaration,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€averred€that€he€had€no€recollection€as€to€whether€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€hadÏadvised€him€about€the€Western€Union€money€order.€€However,€he€further€stated€that€heÏwould€have€investigated€the€matter€if€it€had€been€brought€to€his€attention.Ìà  àAfter€reviewing€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ôðð€declaration,€I€contacted€Mr.€Antler.€€Fortunately,€Mr.ÏAntler€had€preserved€his€notes€from€his€November€9,€2001€phone€conversation€with€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔEppsÔ_Ô.€€As€a€result,€Mr.€Antler€prepared€a€declaration€in€which€he€indicated€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€hadÏtold€him€that€he€was€aware€of€the€Western€Union€evidence€but€had€failed€to€conduct€anÏinvestigation€since€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€could€not€recall€where€he€had€received€the€money€order.Ìà  àIn€my€traverse,€I€solicited€the€District€Attorneyððs€stipulation€concerning€the€truth€ofÏMr.€Antlerððs€declaration.€€Failing€such€a€stipulation,€I€requested€an€evidentiary€hearing.€ÏSoon€thereafter,€Judge€Gilbert€Brown€calendared€an€evidentiary€hearing.ÌÓ  Óà @ àM.€€à8 @` àòòThe€Evidentiary€Hearing.Ð °$  ÐÓæqÓà  àóóAt€the€evidentiary€hearing,€it€was€our€burden€to€establish€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ôðð€failure€toÐ °&"" Ðinvestigate€the€money€order€was€an€error€which€fell€below€the€objective€standard€ofÏprevailing€professional€norms.€€(òòÔ_ÔStricklandÔ_Ô€v.€Washington€óó(1984)€466€U.S.€668,€688.)€€InÐ °*&& Ðorder€to€shoulder€this€burden,€I€determined€that€it€would€be€helpful€to€present€expertÏtestimony€concerning€the€standard€of€care€in€the€community.Ìà  àI€consulted€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ô€who€agreed€to€provide€a€fee€for€an€expert.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_ÔÏsuggested€that€I€should€contact€veteran€San€Jose€attorney€Allen€Schwartz.€€After€I€providedÏMr.€Schwartz€with€the€facts€of€the€case,€he€agreed€to€testify.€€Ms.€Schwartz€offered€hisÏopinion€that:€(1)€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€should€have€talked€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€about€the€genesis€of€the€moneyÏprior€to€trial;€and€(2)€even€if€he€did€not€learn€about€the€source€of€the€money€until€the€middleÏof€the€trial,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€erred€by€failing€to€take€the€simple€investigative€step€of€phoning€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother.Ìà  àBy€the€time€of€the€evidentiary€hearing,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ôðð€memory€had€been€refreshed€by€Mr.ÏAntlerððs€declaration.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€testified€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€told€him€about€the€WesternÏUnion€money€order€during€either€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€or€Officer€Ô_ÔTellifsonÔ_Ô.€€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€conceded€that€he€should€ð ðprobablyðð€have€sought€a€continuance€to€investigate€theÏinformation.€€However,€he€acknowledged€that€he€had€made€no€attempt€to€conduct€anÏinvestigation.Ìà  àFor€his€part,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€had€told€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€about€the€Western€UnionÏmoney€order€during€a€pretrial€meeting€in€the€jail.€€In€addition,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€recalled€that€heÏhad€brought€up€the€matter€a€second€time€during€Officer€Ô_ÔTellifsonÔ_Ôððs€testimony.Ìà  àWhen€Mr.€Schwartz€was€called€to€the€witness€stand,€he€was€greeted€with€enormousÏcordiality€by€Judge€Brown.€€Before€a€single€question€could€be€asked,€Judge€BrownÐ °*&& Ðsuggested€that€the€District€Attorney€should€stipulate€that€Mr.€Schwartz€was€qualified€toÏtestify€as€an€expert€on€the€defense€of€possession€for€sale€cases.€€Mr.€Schwartz€testified€to€hisÏopinion€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€erred€by€failing€to€conduct€an€investigation€of€the€informationÏprovided€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô.Ìà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€first€day€of€the€hearing,€Judge€Brown€suggested€that€theÏð ðissue€was€going€to€be€prejudice.ðð€€Taking€the€judgeððs€hint,€I€prepared€a€brief€on€the€issueÏprior€to€the€next€hearing.€€A€copy€of€the€brief€is€attached€to€this€article.Ìà  àOn€the€second€day€of€the€hearing,€Judge€Brown€read€his€decision€from€the€bench.€ÏJudge€Brown€noted€that€Mr.€Schwartz€is€ð ða€recognized€expert€in€the€field€of€criminal€law€....ðð€Ï(Superior€Court€order€of€January€5,€2006,€p.€2.)€€Judge€Brown€held€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€erredÏby€failing€to€investigate€the€source€of€the€$300.€€With€regard€to€the€issue€of€prejudice,€JudgeÏBrown€acknowledged€that€the€prosecutor€had€substantially€relied€on€the€thesis€that€the€$300Ïwas€the€fruit€of€drug€dealing.€€Judge€Brown€concluded€that€ð ð[Ô_Ôh]adÔ_Ô€the€defense€presentedÏrebutting€evidence€by€showing€an€alternate€source€of€the€$300,€a€jury€may€well€have€had€aÏreasonable€doubt€as€to€its€source€and€acquitted€petitioner.ðð€€(Superior€Court€order€of€JanuaryÏ5,€2006,€pp.€2„3.)ÌÓ  Óà @ àN.€€à0 @` àòòThe€Ultimate€Resolution€Of€The€Case.Ð °$  ÐÓ‚Óà  àóóFollowing€the€granting€of€the€habeas€petition,€Mr.€Schwartz€took€over€as€Mr.Ð °&"" ÐÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€lawyer.€€Shortly€thereafter,€the€District€Attorney€elected€not€to€retry€the€possessionÏfor€sale€count.€€However,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€remained€potentially€liable€for€a€life€sentence€due€toÐ °*&& Ðhis€possession€of€heroin€conviction.Ìà  àMr.€Schwartz€filed€a€new€òòRomeroóó€motion€which€was€heard€by€Judge€Ô_ÔWetenkampÔ_Ô€whoÐ ° Ðhad€presided€at€the€trial.€€At€the€hearing€on€the€motion,€the€District€Attorney€took€theÏposition€had€Judge€Ô_ÔWetenkampÔ_Ô€ð ðwould€not€abuse€her€discretionðð€if€the€motion€were€granted.€ÏThe€motion€was€granted€and€Judge€Ô_ÔWetenkampÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔresentencedÔ_Ô€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€to€a€two€strikesÏsentence€of€6€years.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€released€from€custody€with€credit€for€time€served.€€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€is€on€parole€and€will€most€likely€have€to€remain€in€California€until€his€maximumÏparole€period€of€November€7,€2007€is€reached.ÌÓ  ÓIII.ÌTHE€LESSONS€TO€BE€LEARNED.ÌÓ  Óà  àIt€is€a€truism€that€the€hardest€lessons€learned€in€life€are€those€which€have€the€greatestÏstaying€power.€€In€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case,€his€attorneys€failed€him€on€a€number€of€occasions.€ÏHowever,€at€the€end€of€his€journey€through€the€legal€system,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€received€justice.€ÏThe€following€aspects€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case€may€be€of€benefit€to€counsel€in€handling€futureÏappeals€and€habeas€petitions.ÌÓÓà  àA.à8 ` àòòAppellate€Counsel€Must€Pay€Close€Heed€To€What€The€ClientÐ °" ÐHas€To€Say.Ð ` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àóóMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€did€everything€that€he€was€supposed€to€do.€€At€his€first€opportunity,€Mr.Ð °%!! ÐÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€informed€both€his€trial€attorney€and€his€appellate€lawyer€that€vital€exculpatoryÏevidence€could€be€obtained€by€contacting€his€mother.€€Regrettably,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€lawyersÏfailed€him€when€they€did€not€pay€sufficient€attention€to€the€information€which€he€provided.Ð °+'' Ðà  àUpon€my€initial€review€of€the€record€on€appeal,€it€was€starkly€apparent€that€a€keyÏaspect€€of€the€governmentððs€case€was€the€thesis€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€a€drug€dealer€since€heÏhad€$300€in€his€possession.€€The€prosecutor€repeatedly€argued€this€point€to€the€jury.€€(RTÏ307€[ð ðHeððs€got€$300.€€Bingo,€Bingo.ðð].)€€Thus,€it€was€manifest€that€reversal€could€beÏobtained€by€showing€that€the€prosecutorððs€thesis€was€entirely€false.Ìà  àSignificantly,€in€the€early€stages€of€the€appeal.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€provided€his€motherððsÏname€and€phone€number€to€Mr.€Antler€and€indicated€that€she€would€be€helpful€in€trackingÏdown€documentary€proof€that€she€had€wired€him€money€shortly€before€his€arrest.€€AlthoughÏit€would€have€been€a€simple€task€to€perform,€Mr.€Antler€failed€to€call€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother.€ÏHad€he€done€so,€the€exculpatory€Western€Union€document€might€have€been€obtained€inÏ2002€instead€of€2004€when€successor€counsel€finally€contacted€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother.Ìà  àThe€lesson€to€be€learned€is€that€appellate€counsel€must€pay€close€attention€to€what€theÏclient€has€to€say.€€Although€our€clients€often€barrage€us€with€irrelevant€or€misleadingÏinformation,€it€is€also€true€that€clients€sometimes€provide€a€glistening€nugget€of€informationÏwhich€can€lead€to€freedom.Ìà  àIn€this€case,€successor€counsel€Ô_ÔDerrylÔ_Ô€Molina€listened€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€and€spoke€toÏhis€mother.€€As€a€result,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€is€a€free€man€today.ÌÓÓà  àB.à8 ` àòòA€Habeas€Investigation€Must€Be€Thorough€And€Complete.а&""` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àóóIt€is€important€to€note€that€Mr.€Antler€made€a€conscientious€effort€to€investigate€Mr.Ð °($$ ÐÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€claim€regarding€the€Western€Union€money€order.€€Mr.€Antler€contacted€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_ÔÐ °*&& Ðand€learned€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€not€investigated€the€matter€since€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€could€not€recallÏthe€location€of€the€Western€Union€office€where€he€received€the€money.€€After€obtaining€thisÏinformation€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Antler€made€a€nearly€fatal€decision€when€he€failed€to€furtherÏhis€investigation.Ìà  àThe€critical€error€made€by€Mr.€Antler€lies€in€the€fact€that€he€abandoned€hisÏinvestigation€even€though€he€had€not€ascertained€the€truth€or€falsity€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_ÔððsÏaccount.€€This€was€a€serious€mistake€since€the€omitted€evidence,€if€it€existed,€went€to€theÏheart€of€the€case.€€Given€the€importance€of€the€evidence,€the€investigation€should€not€haveÏbeen€concluded€without,€at€the€very€least,€a€phone€call€being€made€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother.€Ïà  àThe€identical€lesson€can€be€drawn€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ôððs€failure€to€adequately€investigateÏthe€òòBradyóó€issue.€€While€the€case€was€on€appeal,€Mr.€Antler€made€a€written€demand€to€theÐ ° Ðtrial€prosecutor€for€the€disclosure€of€Officer€Ô_ÔManionÔ_Ôððs€ð ðinformationðð€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€wasÏdealing€drugs.€€Insofar€as€the€prosecutor€stonewalled€the€request,€Mr.€Antler€was€powerlessÏto€do€anything€further€other€than€to€allege€a€òòBradyóó€violation€in€his€habeas€petition.Ð ° Ðà  àHowever,€the€legal€circumstances€shifted€dramatically€once€the€Court€of€AppealÏissued€an€order€to€show€cause.€€At€that€point,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€counsel€had€every€right€toÏcompel€the€District€Attorney€to€disclose€the€ð ðinformation.ðð€€If€the€District€Attorney€refusedÏto€do€so€voluntarily,€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€could€have€filed€a€discovery€motion.€€(òòIn€re€Scottóó€(2003)€29Ð °&"" ÐCal.4th€783,€814;€òòBoard€of€Prison€Terms€v.€Superior€Court€óó(2005)€130€Cal.App.4th€1212,Ð °($$ Ð1241„1242€[discovery€motion€may€be€filed€once€Ô_ÔOSCÔ_Ô€is€issued].)Ð °*&& Ðà  àAs€a€result€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ôððs€failure€to€press€for€disclosure€of€the€ð ðinformationðð€knownÏto€Officer€Ô_ÔManionÔ_Ô,€the€trial€court€rejected€the€òòBrady€óóclaim€as€factually€undeveloped.€€WhileÐ ° ÐI€was€able€to€subsequently€jawbone€the€District€Attorney€and€obtain€the€factual€basisÏunderlying€the€ð ðinformation,ðð€the€witnesses€in€question€were€never€contacted€since€theÏeventually€issued€Ô_ÔOSCÔ_Ô€did€not€include€the€òòBrady€óóclaim.Ð °  Ðà  àIt€is€a€matter€of€speculation€as€to€whether€the€òòBradyóó€claim€would€have€succeeded€hadÐ °  ÐMr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€made€a€concerted€effort€to€learn€the€identities€of€the€witnesses€who€believed€thatÏMs.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€was€dealing€drugs.€€However,€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€most€certainly€dropped€the€ball€byÏtruncating€his€investigation.€€In€future€cases,€we€should€be€sure€that€we€do€not€make€theÏsame€mistake.ÌÓ  Óà @ àC.€€à8 @` àòòIt€Is€Never€Too€Late€To€Investigate€An€Issue.Ð ° ÐÓl¡Óà  àóóÔ_ÔDerrylÔ_Ô€Molina€has€a€valuable€lesson€to€teach.€€In€2004,€Ms.€Molina€was€a€brand€newÐ ° Ðlawyer€with€no€experience€in€criminal€law.€€Nonetheless,€she€was€instrumental€in€securingÏMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€release.Ìà  àAlthough€Mr.€Antler€had€failed€to€contact€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother,€Ms.€Molina€did€so.€ÏNotwithstanding€her€inexperience,€Ms.€Molina€recognized€the€significance€of€the€source€ofÏMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€$300.€€Through€her€contact€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€mother,€sufficient€informationÏwas€gleaned€so€that€a€subpoena€duces€tecum€could€be€issued€to€Western€Union.€€TheÏdocument€sent€by€Western€Union€led€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€habeas€remedy.Ìà  àMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€tried€in€2000€and€his€appeal€began€in€2001.€€Several€years€passedÐ °*&& Ðbefore€Ms.€Molina€conducted€her€investigation.€€Like€Yogi€Berra,€Ms.€Molina€has€taughtÏus€the€lesson€that€ð ðItððs€never€over€until€itððs€over.ððÌà  àThere€is€an€interesting€coda€to€this€story.€€Ms.€Molina€has€told€me€that€she€will€neverÏagain€work€on€a€criminal€case.€€Although€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€eventually€won€his€case,€Ms.€MolinaÏfound€it€to€be€too€painful€when€habeas€relief€was€initially€denied€by€the€trial€court.ÌÓ  Óà @ àD.€€à8 @` àòòIt€Is€Never€Too€Late€To€Raise€A€Meritorious€Issue.Ð °  ÐÓ¡§Óà  àóóI€personally€undertook€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€representation€after€the€Superior€Court€hadÐ °  Ðalready€denied€habeas€relief.€€After€I€took€over,€I€realized€that€two€strong€issues€had€not€beenÏraised.€€I€was€not€deterred€from€belatedly€presenting€the€claims.Ìà  àThe€primary€issue€involved€the€source€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€$300.€€Although€the€issueÏwas€mentioned€in€the€traverse€filed€in€the€Superior€Court,€the€point€was€procedurallyÏdefaulted€since€the€filing€of€an€amended€or€supplemental€petition€was€required.€€(òòIn€re€Clark,Ð ° Ðóósupra,€5€Cal.4th€750,€781,€fn.€16.)Ð ° Ðà  àIndeed,€when€the€California€Supreme€Court€asked€the€Attorney€General€to€file€anÏanswer€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€petition€for€review,€the€Attorney€General€argued€that€the€issue€hadÏbeen€defaulted.€€Fortunately,€the€Supreme€Court€did€not€agree.€€The€message€from€this€resultÏis€that€a€good€issue€should€be€raised€even€if€it€is€late€in€the€day.Ìà  àWhile€I€was€preparing€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€renewed€habeas€petition€to€be€filed€in€the€CourtÏof€Appeal,€I€noticed€an€issue€which€I€had€missed€upon€my€initial€review€of€the€record€inÏ2001.€€Although€the€prosecutor€argued€to€the€jury€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€must€have€tossed€theÐ °*&& Ðdrugs€into€the€pickup€when€the€police€arrived€on€the€scene,€there€was€powerful€evidence€toÏthe€contrary€which€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€failed€to€introduce.€€At€the€preliminary€hearing,€OfficerÏGonzalez€testified€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€hands€were€above€his€head€on€top€of€the€pickup€whenÏhe€was€first€sighted.€€Although€the€original€habeas€petition€did€not€include€a€claim€that€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€performed€ineffectively€when€he€failed€to€introduce€this€evidence,€I€did€notÏhesitate€to€include€the€claim€in€my€petition.€€While€the€Supreme€Court€did€not€issue€an€orderÏto€show€cause€on€the€issue,€I€continue€to€believe€that€it€was€meritorious.Ìà  àThe€profound€lesson€of€this€case€is€that€counsel€should€never€give€up€on€a€meritoriousÏissue.€€Due€to€the€good€graces€of€the€California€Supreme€Court,€the€governmentððs€proceduralÏdefault€claim€was€not€credited.€€Hopefully,€some€future€clients€will€be€equally€lucky.ÌÓÓà  àE.à8 ` àòòWhen€Interviewing€A€Witness,€Thorough€Notes€Should€BeÐ ° ÐTaken.Ð ` x` x ÐÌÓ¬±Óà  àóóThe€point€made€in€this€section€is€both€obvious€and€trite.€€However,€had€Mr.€AntlerÐ ° Ðnot€taken€thorough€notes,€it€is€quite€possible€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€would€be€serving€a€lifeÏsentence€today.Ìà  àIn€November€2001,€Mr.€Antler€conversed€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€by€telephone.€€As€recordedÏin€Mr.€Antlerððs€handwritten€notes,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€admitted€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€informed€himÏthat€he€received€money€from€his€mother€shortly€before€his€arrest.Ìà  àIn€2005,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€initially€professed€to€have€no€recollection€regarding€the€source€ofÏMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€funds.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€gave€the€District€Attorney€a€declaration€to€this€effect.€ÏHowever,€once€Mr.€Antler€provided€a€contrary€declaration€based€on€his€notes,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_ÔÐ °+'' Ðchanged€his€story€and€conceded€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€told€him€about€the€money.Ìà  àIt€is€possible€that€Mr.€Antler€would€have€remembered€the€2001€conversation€withoutÏthe€benefit€of€his€notes.€€However,€the€importance€of€his€notes€cannot€be€doubted.€€At€theÏDistrict€Attorneyððs€request,€the€notes€were€produced€at€the€evidentiary€hearing.€€Thereafter,Ïthe€District€Attorney€did€not€challenge€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ôðð€testimony€that€he€learned€about€the€sourceÏof€the€money€during€the€trial.€€Given€this€factual€concession,€Judge€Brown€had€no€problemÏin€holding€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô€had€erred€by€failing€to€investigate€the€information€which€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€gave€him.Ìà  àMr.€Antler€acted€as€a€diligent€and€competent€lawyer€when€he€took€contemporaneousÏnotes€of€his€conversation€with€Mr.€Ô_ÔEppsÔ_Ô.€€We€should€all€emulate€Mr.€Antlerððs€example.ÌÓÓà  àF.à8 ` àòòBe€Sure€To€Fully€And€Carefully€Comply€With€All€ProceduralÐ ° ÐRules.óóа` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àAlthough€this€point€has€already€been€addressed€above,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€caseÏdemonstrates€the€importance€of€avoiding€procedural€defaults.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_Ô€made€a€fundamentalÏerror€when€he€raised€a€new€issue€in€his€traverse.€€(òòClark,€óósupra,€5€Cal.4th€750,€781,€fn.€16;Ð ° ÐòòBoard€of€Prison€Terms€v.€Superior€Court,€óósupra,€130€Cal.App.4th€1212,€1235.)€€Mr.€Ô_ÔTursiÔ_ÔÐ °! Ðcould€easily€have€avoided€the€problem€by€the€simple€step€of€obtaining€leave€to€file€anÏamended€or€supplemental€petition.€€(òòIbidóó.)Ð °%!! Ðà  àAs€with€all€legal€matters,€the€successful€prosecution€of€a€habeas€petition€requires€aÏclose€attention€to€detail.€€In€this€case,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€meritorious€claim€might€have€been€lostÏdue€to€procedural€default.€€By€good€fortune,€the€Supreme€Court€allowed€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€claimÐ °+'' Ðto€be€heard€on€the€merits.ÌÓÓà  àG.à8 ` àòòVictory€Can€Be€Achieved€On€A€Habeas€Claim€(Or€A€DirectÐ ° ÐAppeal€Claim)€If€The€Error€In€The€Proceedings€Goes€To€TheÏHeart€Of€The€Governmentððs€Case.óóа` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case€illustrates€a€central€truth€about€appellate€practice:€In€order€toÏobtain€a€remedy,€the€defendant€must€be€able€to€establish€that€the€posited€error€went€to€theÏheart€of€the€case.€€This€is€exactly€what€happened€here.Ìà  àAt€trial,€the€prosecutor€was€able€to€point€to€only€two€incriminating€pieces€of€evidence:€Ï(1)€the€drugs€were€found€in€a€pack€of€Camels€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€had€a€pack€of€Camels;€andÏ(2)€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€possessed€$300€which€was€supposedly€the€proceeds€from€drug€sales.€ÏImportantly,€the€prosecutor€relentlessly€repeated€the€latter€theory€during€closing€argument.Ìà  àIn€light€of€the€Western€Union€money€order,€we€were€able€to€demonstrate€that€theÏessence€of€the€prosecutorððs€case€was€simply€untrue.€€Given€this€reality,€a€finding€ofÏprejudicial€error€was€a€virtual€certainty.Ìà  àA€Ô_ÔaÔ_Ô€slowing€of€prejudice€can€often€be€made€by€comparing€the€trial€which€occurredÏwith€the€one€which€would€have€occurred€had€error€not€infected€the€trial€court€proceedings.€ÏIn€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case,€an€error€free€trial€would€have€been€one€where€the€prosecutor€was€leftÏsolely€with€the€incriminating€inference€which€might€be€drawn€from€the€two€packs€of€Camel.€ÏInsofar€as€Ms.€Ô_ÔMhoonÔ_Ô€could€well€have€obtained€an€empty€pack€of€Camels€from€either€Mr.ÏÔ_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€or€the€extensive€trash€which€littered€the€pickup,€it€is€manifest€that€the€Peopleððs€caseÏwas€deficient€absent€the€weak€theory€that€the€$300€was€the€fruit€of€prior€drug€sales.€€(SeeÐ °*&& ÐòòÔ_ÔMurtishawÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔWoodfordÔ_Ô€óó(9th€Cir.€2001)€255€F.3d€926,€940€[ð ðin€order€to€determine€whetherÐ ° Ðcounselððs€errors€prejudiced€the€outcome€of€the€trial,€ððit€is€essential€to€compare€the€evidenceÏthat€actually€was€presented€to€the€jury€with€the€evidence€that€might€have€been€presented€hadÏcounsel€acted€differently.ðð€[Citation.]ðð.].)ÌÓÓà  àH.à8 ` àòòThe€Filing€Of€A€Habeas€Petition€Provides€The€Court€WithÐ °  ÐBroad€Remedial€Power.óóа ` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àAn€overlooked€aspect€of€California€habeas€jurisprudence€is€that€the€court€is€vestedÏwith€broad€remedial€power€ð ðto€fashionðð€an€appropriate€remedy.€€(òòIn€re€Crow€óó(1971)€4€Cal.3dÐ °  Ð613,€619„620,€fn.€7;€òòBoard€of€Prison€Terms€v.€Superior€Courtóó,€supra,€130€Cal.App.4th€1212,Ð ° Ð1236.)€€This€principle€was€vital€to€the€successful€resolution€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case.Ìà  àAt€the€beginning€of€the€appellate€process,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€stood€convicted€of€two€counts:€Ïpossession€of€heroin€and€possession€of€methamphetamine€for€the€purpose€of€sale.€€TheÏsentencing€court€had€imposed€a€sentence€of€25€years€to€life€as€to€each€count.€€Thus,€even€ifÏthe€possession€for€sale€count€was€reversed,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€still€fared€a€life€sentence€for€theÏpossession€count.€€Given€these€circumstances,€the€habeas€petition€sought€not€only€a€reversalÏof€the€possession€for€sale€count€but€a€remedy€for€the€possession€count€as€well.Ìà  àIn€this€regard,€it€was€argued€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€entitled€to€a€new€òòRomeroóó€hearingÐ °# Ðon€the€possession€count€if€the€possession€for€sale€count€was€reversed.€€This€argument€restedÏon€the€common€sense€basis€that€the€possession€of€.91€grams€of€heroin€is€a€materiallyÏdifferent€€criminal€act€from€the€possession€for€sale€of€21.69€grams€of€methamphetamine.€ÏIndeed,€in€denying€òòRomeroóó€relief€after€the€trial,€the€judge€specifically€noted€her€concern€thatÐ °+'' ÐMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€was€ð ða€danger€to€the€communityðð€since€he€was€selling€drugs.Ìà  àJudge€Brown€was€persuaded€that€a€new€òòRomeroóó€hearing€was€required€on€theÐ ° Ðpossession€count€if€the€District€Attorney€elected€not€to€retry€the€possession€for€sale€count.€ÏThus,€he€vacated€the€sentence€on€the€possession€count.€€Subsequently,€òòRomeroóó€relief€wasÐ °  Ðgranted€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€is€a€free€man€today.ÌÓÓà  àI.à8 ` àòòWhen€Litigating€An€Evidentiary€Hearing,€It€Is€Helpful€ToÐ °  ÐBecome€Familiar€With€The€Local€Players.óóа ` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àIn€planning€for€the€evidentiary€hearing,€I€made€the€decision€that€it€was€necessary€toÏcall€an€expert€witness€on€the€standard€of€care€for€the€defense€of€drug€cases.€€In€selecting€anÏexpert€witness,€I€consulted€with€attorney€Steve€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ô€who€runs€the€conflict€program€in€SanÏJose.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ô€advised€me€that€attorney€Allen€Schwartz€is€well€respected€by€the€bench.€ÏBased€on€Mr.€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ôððs€recommendation,€I€retained€Mr.€Schwartz€as€my€expert€witness.Ìà  àAs€it€turned€out,€Mr.€Ô_ÔAvillaÔ_Ôððs€adviñ÷ñsñ÷ññøñcñøñe€was€golden.€€In€preparing€for€the€evidentiaryÏhearing,€I€consulted€with€Mr.€Schwartz€regarding€the€best€approach€to€take€with€theÏwitnesses.€€Mr.€Schwartz€gave€excellent€guidance€which€led€to€a€strategy€that€pleased€theÏcourt.Ìà  àIn€addition,€Mr.€Schwartz€made€a€wonderful€witness.€€When€Mr.€Schwartz€was€calledÏto€the€witness€stand,€Judge€Brown€solicited€the€District€Attorneyððs€stipulation€that€he€wasÏqualified€to€testify€as€an€expert.€€In€his€order€granting€relief,€Judge€Brown€referred€to€Mr.ÏSchwartz€as€ð ða€recognized€expert€in€the€field€of€criminal€law.ðð€€(Order€of€January€5,€2006,Ïp.€2.)Ð °+'' Ðà  àThese€circumstances€point€to€an€obvious€conclusion.€€A€local€jurisdiction€is€run€byÏlocal€customs€and€is€populated€by€locals.€€When€appellate€counsel€arrives€in€town€for€anÏevidentiary€hearing,€his€best€chance€of€success€is€to€associate€himself€as€intimately€asÏpossible€with€the€provincial€ways€of€doing€things.€€In€this€case,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€greatlyÏbenefitted€from€the€assistance€afforded€by€Mr.€Schwartz.ÌñùñÓ  Óñùñà @ àJ.ñúñ€€ñúñà0 @` àòòBe€Lucky.Ð °  ÐñùñÓ4ÙÓñùñà  àóóIn€his€initial€letter€to€my€office,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€requested€a€ð ðmiracle.ðð€€He€was€affordedÐ °  Ðone.€€For€whatever€reason,€the€California€Supreme€Court€selected€his€case€as€one€of€thoseÏrare€instances€where€it€issued€an€order€to€show€cause.Ìà  àMr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case€teaches€a€lesson€which€is€quite€sad€in€one€respect.€€As€everyÏcriminal€appellate€lawyer€knows,€there€are€many€more€meritorious€cases€than€victories.€€NoÏone€can€predict€which€meritorious€case€will€prevail€and€which€will€be€tossed€into€the€ashcan.€ÏWhen€lightning€strikes€and€a€remedy€results,€we€can€only€be€grateful.ÌÓ  ÓòòCONCLUSIONÐ ° ÐóóÓ  Óà  àThe€work€of€an€appellate€lawyer€is€difficult€and€time€consuming.€€There€are€noÐ °  Ðshortcuts€to€victory.€€In€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case,€a€remedy€was€achieved€when€a€hard€workingÏlawyer€listened€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ô€and€contacted€his€mother.€€Additional€investigation€led€to€theÏdocumentary€evidence€which€provided€the€basis€for€a€meritorious€legal€theory.€€A€wellÏwritten€brief€finally€caught€the€eye€of€the€California€Supreme€Court.€€Thereafter,€a€wellÏchosen€expert€witness€helped€to€persuade€the€court€that€a€miscarriage€of€justice€hadÐ °*&& Ðoccurred.Ìà  àMany€years€ago,€my€father€told€me€that€success€is€impossible€without€a€close€attentionÏto€detail.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMagnanÔ_Ôððs€case€is€a€testament€to€this€truth.ñûññûñññÌñññññûñÐ  °  ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌñûññüñÓ  ÓñüññýñPETITIONERððS€EVIDENTIARY€HEARINGÌBRIEF€ON€THE€ISSUE€OF€PñýññññþññýñEJñýññþññññÿñREJUDICEñÿñññ